Real-Time Vehicular Wireless System-Level Simulation

Dakic, Anja; Hofer, Markus; Rainer, Benjamin; Zelenbaba, Stefan; Bernadó, Laura; Zemen, Thomas

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3055978

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Shirude et al [39] evaluated a transmitter and receiver design using MATLAB/Simulink, Wang et al [40] published a simulation environment for ad hoc networks (VANET) reconstructing inter-vehicle communications for different scenarios using MATLAB. Dakić et al [41] presented a validated realtime modeling of a vehicular communications scenario at 5.9 GHz using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform and a geometry-based stochastic channel model. Saponara and Gagliardi [42] proposed a physical layer model for communications based on IEEE 802.11p using Matlab/Simulink simulations to analyze the baseband processing, the physical channel for different scenarios (urban, suburban, highway) and the RF hardware.…”

Section: B Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the publications [38], [40], [41], [43], [44] mentioned above, the physical layer is examined on the bit level, as for example in [41] by a hardware-in-the-loop setup, however, the hardware influences remain without consideration. Shirude et al [39] used RF blocks similar to the proposed work, but did not specify what settings they made, so ideal conditions are assumed for the hardware blocks.…”

Section: B Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating RF Hardware Characteristics for Automotive JCRS Systems Based on PMCW-CDMA at 77GHz

Lübke¹,

Su²,

Franchi³

2023

IEEE Access

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Joint communications and radar sensing (JCRS) applications are currently being hailed as the innovation of the next generation of mobile communications. The combination of communications and sensor technology on one hardware platform offers various advantages, such as significant savings in space and costs. The two technologies are no longer being optimized and developed side by side, as has been the case in the past, but jointly. The physical channel is used by both simultaneously, including the transmitter and receiver structures, which must be optimized for the combined application. This inevitably leads to an influence on the performance of both systems. In this work, this influence is considered and analyzed with respect to the effects of the radio frequency components. For this purpose, our previously published code-division multiple access (CDMA)-based and vehicle-to-vehicle-focused model is extended to a JCRS model and evaluated according to the achieved bit error rate as well as the mean deviation of the detected distance and velocity in Simulink. The influence of the non-ideal hardware components (mixers, power amplifier, low noise amplifier, filter, antenna) and characteristics (S-parameters, non-linearity of the amplifiers and the noise) on the sensing and communications are analyzed and compared in this automotive context. The results reveal that the noise of the low noise amplifier at the receiver side has the most decisive influence. In contrast, the noise generated by the power amplifier at the transmitter has no effect due to the relatively high signal power. The non-linearity of amplifiers at the transmitter also significantly impacts the available sensing range by limiting and compressing signal power. Besides, the phase noise with a frequency offset higher than 10 MHz can increase the communications and sensing error rate. In contrast, the influence of S-parameters is negligible, as the performance of communications and sensing is almost unchanged with different S-parameters. In the future, the proposed single-target scene will be further extended to a multi-target one.INDEX TERMS CDMA, connected vehicles, joint communications and radar sensing, RF hardware characteristics, modeling, physical layer, PMCW, 77 GHz.

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Section: B Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating RF Hardware Characteristics for Automotive JCRS Systems Based on PMCW-CDMA at 77GHz

Lübke¹,

Su²,

Franchi³

2023

IEEE Access

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“…Using a path-based GSCM together with publicly available data from OSM yields a very high level of flexibility when it comes to modelling the scenario geometry. This modelling approach can be used to apply the model parameters to different scenarios and easily scale to system-level [26].…”

Section: Geometry-based Channel Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Node Vehicular Wireless Channels: Measurements, Large Vehicle Modeling, and Hardware-in-the-Loop Evaluation

et al. 2021

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Understanding multi-node vehicular wireless communication channels is crucial for future time-sensitive safety applications for human-piloted as well as partly autonomous vehicles on roads, railways and in the air. These highly dynamic wireless communication channels are characterized by rapidly changing channel statistics. In this paper we present the first fully mobile multi-node vehicular wireless channel sounding system, which is capable of simultaneously capturing multiple channel frequency responses, ensuring that measurement conditions are identical for all observed links. We use it to analyze road scenarios with multiple vehicles and a large obstructing double-decker bus. The empirical measurement data is used to parametrize a model for the large obstructing vehicle within a geometry-based stochastic channel model. We compare the time-variant channel statistics obtained from our channel model with the ones from the measurement campaign. By means of a channel emulator we obtain the packet error rates of commercial modems for the measured and the simulated wireless communication channels and compare them, in order to validate the model at the link level. We find that the path loss, the root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and the RMS Doppler spread deviate by less than 3.6 dB, 78 ns, and 52 Hz, respectively, for 80% of the total simulation duration. The PER obtained from measured data is within the maximum and minimum bounds of our model for 86% of the simulation duration.

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“…Besides, Shirude et al [25] proposed a full transmitter and receiver design, using MATLAB/Simulink, whereas Wang et al [26] published a vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) simulation environment, which reconstructs the inter-vehicle-communications again for different scenarios and is designed using the MATLAB. Dakić et al [27], on the other hand, presented a validated real-time systemlevel simulation for vehicular communication scenario at 5.9 GHz, using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform and a geometry-based stochastic channel model. Saponara and Gagliardi [28] propose a model of the IEEE 802.11p's physical layer, using Matlab/Simulink simulations to analyse the baseband processing as well as the RF hardware parts and the physical channel for various scenarios (urban, suburban, highway).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Physical Layer Simulation Tool to Design Future 77 GHz JCRS-Applications

Lübke¹,

Su²,

Cherian

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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Vehicular communication systems get more and more attention with the upcoming fifth and sixth generation. Hereby, the focus lies on the development of the co-design or co-existence of communications and sensing. So called joints communications and radar sensing systems are seen as one key technology of 6G. As joint systems will have shared waveforms and hardware platforms, there is a huge benefit in cost and space which is one essential argument for the automotive industry. However, to design such a system for new applications like platooning or intersection assistance a physical layer has to be set up to represent the real physical layer properly. The proposed system design closes the lack of such a simulation tool and allows for full physical layer simulations, including e. g. the hardware non-idealities and the channel model for 77 GHz. The whole signal processing chain of the physical layer is built up and will be integrated in the higher layer state-of-the-art simulation frameworks like Veins or Artery in the next step. The communications design is developed in Simulink, whereas the sensing part is discussed. The proposed communications architecture covers several transmission approaches (serial, parallel), a CDMA based spreading, a radio frequency representation, the channel (simulated in a 3D-Ray-Tracing-tool) and the receiver structure (e. g. the synchronisation or the channel estimation). Several design criteria are discussed, like the serial or parallel design architecture, the maximum ratio combining or the phase and frequency compensation method. The whole system architecture is freely available (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6482565) and in consequence, the different signal blocks and parameters can be enabled or disabled for evaluations according to future design criteria requirements.INDEX TERMS Hardware non-idealities, connected vehicles, joint communications and radar sensing, millimeter wave technology, physical layer, Simulink.

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Real-Time Vehicular Wireless System-Level Simulation

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluating RF Hardware Characteristics for Automotive JCRS Systems Based on PMCW-CDMA at 77GHz

Evaluating RF Hardware Characteristics for Automotive JCRS Systems Based on PMCW-CDMA at 77GHz

Multi-Node Vehicular Wireless Channels: Measurements, Large Vehicle Modeling, and Hardware-in-the-Loop Evaluation

Full Physical Layer Simulation Tool to Design Future 77 GHz JCRS-Applications

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