Real time ultrasonography of the gastric antrum.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate whether serial ultrasound measurements of antral volumes are reproducible and, if so, whether they are representative of the entire gastric contents and reliably measure gastric emptying. The antral volume was measured in man after oral and intragastric administration of known amounts of 5% glucose solutions, and on two separate occasions in the same subjects, after the ingestion of a standardised solid-liquid meal (1050 kcal). Antral volume measurements were performed in both supine and upright positions; inter-and intraobserver measurement errors were also assessed. After ingestion or intragastric administration of equal amounts of liquid, antral volumes determined by ultrasound showed a wide intersubject variability. In each individual subject, however, a linear trend was found between the antral volume and amount ofingested or administered liquid. Intrasubject variability of antral volume measurements was at its minimum in fasting conditions and 300 minutes after ingestion of the solid-liquid meal. Intra-and interobserver variations and whether the patient was erect or supine did not affect measurements of antral volumes. These results support the use of real time ultrasound in determining the gastric emptying time. Results at fasting and 300 minutes after a solid-liquid meal are stable end points of measurement.

Evaluation of Canine Gastric Motility with Ultrasonography.

“…Therefore, both methods were applicable to assess the GET in dogs. After publishing of Bolondi's method, the reproducibility and other availabilty of this method were confirmed [6,7,13,22] in human medicine.…”

“…To evaluate the gastric emptying time (GET), radiographic contrast studies [5,17], scintigraphy with radioisotopes [11,12], ultrasonography [2,4,14,22], radiopaque markers, such as bariumimpregnated polyspheres, CT and MRI scan, dye dilution method, measurement of blood concentration of interstinal absorbed drugs such as paraacetamol are some methods and others [9,10,12,16] have been used clinically in human beings and dogs. Each of these techniques has advantages and disadvantages compared each other, and there are few data which deal comparison of the ultrasound measurements with other methods for gastric emptying.…”

“…Especially, Bolondi et al [4] reported that ultrasound study of the antropyloric region based on measurements of the cross section area of gastric antrum and the volume of the whole antropyloric region allowed accurate determination of total gastric emptying time (GET) in human beings. With this functional analysis of gastric motility with ultrasonography, there were some reports about functional analysis of gastric emptying in human-beings [6,7,22]. But there are no report about the GET by ultrasonography in veterinary medicines.…”

Residual gastric volume evaluation with ultrasonography after ingestion of carbohydrate- or carbohydrate plus glutamine-enriched beverages: a randomized, crossover clinical trial with healthy volunteers

“…Assessment of the residual gastric volume can be done with several methods: aspiration by an enteral tube positioned in the stomach (6,8) , scintigraphy (11,15) , 3-D ultrasonography (11) , and MRI (17) . Two-dimensional ultrasonography can be used for this analysis, and it is a noninvasive exam that can be performed at bedside (26,27) . Dock-Nascimento and colleagues studied 56 women who underwent elective video laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and assessed their residual gastric volume through aspiration by a nasogastric tube during anesthetic induction.…”

“…Two-dimensional ultrasound has been used since 1981 to assess gastric emptying with sensitivity comparable to that of scintigraphy, which is considered the gold standard for measuring liquid nutrients. The gastric antrum is the area of choice to evaluate gastric residue and emptying time (5,12,14,15,27) . Therefore, we measured residual gastric volume using echographic ultrasound examinations, a technique that is non-invasive, inexpensive, widely available, safe, and can be repeated as often as necessary.…”