Real-time ultrasonography of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and comparison with computed tomography.

Abstract

Thirty-three low-birth-weight neonates were diagnosed prospectively as having an intraventricular hemorrhage, using a real-time sonographic sector scanner. Ultrasound findings were corroborated in 27 patients by computed tomography (CT) or autopsy. Intraventricular blood is hyperechoic and, in a fresh hemorrhage, a continuous cast-like pattern of increased echogenicity replaces the usually minute, echo-free lateral ventricles. After one to three days, the lateral ventricles begin to enlarge around the echogenic clot if hydrocephalus complicates the hemorrhage. The sonographic findings indicating intraventricular hemorrhage and its progression to hydrocephalus are presented. The accuracy of sonographic real-time sector scanning in the evaluation of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage is discussed and compared to CT.

New Reference Values for the Neonatal Cerebral Ventricles

“…The occipital horn may show the earliest and fastest increase in size in infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation ( 16,17 ), and even isolated occipital horn dilation may be accompanied by signs of an increased PEDIATRIC IMAGING: Reference Values for Neonatal Cerebral Ventricles Brouwer et al Table 3 Prediction on the left and asymmetry appeared to be most pronounced in the occipital horns, which is in agreement with other neonatal ( 7,(18)(19)(20) and fetal ( 21 ) US studies and with volumetric MR imaging studies in neonates ( 22 ), children, and adolescents ( 23 ). Male sex was associated with a larger ventricular size after birth, but its effect was shown to diminish in preterm infants who were followed prospectively.…”

Ultrasound measurements of the lateral ventricles in neonates: why, how and when? A systematic review

“…Hence, the AHW has been suggested to be a more sensitive marker for early or mild ventricular enlargement than the VI (22,23). Occipital horn enlargement is often visible before any increase in frontal horn dimensions (19,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). 1B] has also been recommended as a valuable addition for the evaluation of ventricular size following GMH-IVH.…”

“…The depth of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle [thalamo-occipital distance (TOD), Fig. The occipital horns are usually dilated to a greater extent than the frontal horns and may represent the only site of ventricular dilatation (19,(25)(26)(27)30). Occipital horn enlargement is often visible before any increase in frontal horn dimensions (19,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

“…Occipital horn enlargement is often visible before any increase in frontal horn dimensions (19,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). The occipital horns are usually dilated to a greater extent than the frontal horns and may represent the only site of ventricular dilatation (19,(25)(26)(27)30). Isolated occipital horn dilatation is mainly recognized in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants with, but also without GHM-IVH.…”

Sonographic diagnosis of a subdural hematoma as the initial manifestation of hemophilia in a newborn.

“…8 Today, the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of subarachnoid, subdural, and epidural hemorrhages is CT. However, large subdural hematomas can also be detected using neonatal intracranial sonography.…”