Real-Time Sound Field Transmission System by Using Wave Field Reconstruction Filter and Its Evaluation

Abstract

A new real-time sound field transmission system is presented. To construct this system, a large listening area needs to be reproduced at not less than a constant height. Additionally, the driving signals of the loudspeakers should be obtained only from received signals of microphones. Wave field reconstruction (WFR) filtering for linear arrays of microphones and loudspeakers is considered to be suitable for this kind of system. An experimental system was developed to show the feasibility of real-time sound field transmission using the WFR filter. Experiments to measure the reproduced sound field and a subjective listening test of sound localization were conducted to evaluate the proposed system. Although the reproduced sound field included several artifacts such as spatial aliasing and faster amplitude decay, the experimental results indicated that the proposed system was able to provide sound localization accuracy for virtual sound sources comparable to that for real sound sources in a large listening area. key words: sound field reproduction, sound field transmission, wave field reconstruction filter, wave field synthesis, spatio-temporal frequency

Sparse Representation Using Multidimensional Mixed-Norm Penalty With Application to Sound Field Decomposition

“…7, a linear microphone array was set in a free field. Sound sources were assumed to be located in a rectangular region Ω and the distribution of the pressure gradient on the reconstruction line was estimated, which is a typical scenario in sound field capturing for reproduction used in immersive telecommunication systems [7], [40], [41]. Omnidirectional microphones were aligned on the x-axis with their center at the origin.…”

“…The spectrogram of the positivefrequency bins was used for the decomposition. SDRR (41) was also calculated in the frequency domain.…”

Virtual Reality Technologies in Telecommunication Services

“…For reproducing the sound field of a remote location in a space by using many microphones and loudspeakers, many researchers have proposed methods based on the boundary surface control (BoSC) principle [61], [62], methods based on a wave field reconstruction (WFR) filter [63], [64], and other methods.…”

“…Because the driving signals of the loudspeaker array are calculated on the basis of an analytically derived filter, the systems can transmit sound fields to remote locations with a low delay [63], [64]. Sound images can be represented in front of loudspeakers by applying an inverse wave propagator [65], and then an original space and a destination space can be overlapped.…”

Intelligent Acoustic Interfaces With Multisensor Acquisition for Immersive Reproduction

“…With respect to other systems already discussed in the literature for immersive audio [8]- [10], in the acquisition stage, the proposed approach takes advantage of the introduction of a commercial multisensor interface, Microsoft Kinect, which is provided with a microphone array and camera sensors. Moreover, novel aspects are introduced in the reproduction stage to improve the listening experience, as fully described in the following sections.…”