Real time SAXS/stress–strain studies of thermoplastic polyurethanes at large strains

Blundell, D.J.; Eeckhaut, G.; Fuller, W.; Mahendrasingam, A.; Martin, C.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00386-5

Cited by 94 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[24][25][26][27][28] However, the deformation behavior of the PUE is still not well understood because a tremendous number of factors need to be considered to control the original phase structure. Systematic sample preparation and mechanical measurements for the samples would give us a general interpretation on this topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray diffraction study of the microdomain structure of polyurethane elastomers during mechanical deformation

Kojio

Matsuo

Motokucho

et al. 2011

Polym J

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Polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) were prepared with poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol (M n ¼2000), 4,4¢-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol (BD) and 1,1,1-trimethylol propane (TMP) by a prepolymer method. To evaluate the effect of curing temperature and the ratio of curing and crosslinking agents ((BD/TMP)¼(10/0 and 8/2)(wt/wt)) on deformation behavior, four different samples were prepared. In the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) profile for the PUEs prepared at 120 1C, a four-point pattern was observed with the preferred tilt being produced by local torques exerted within the strained soft segments from the initial deformation. At near failure strains, strong meridional scattering appeared and the four-point pattern disappeared. In contrast, the PUEs at 80 1C produced meridional scattering through the deformation. As the microdomain structure of the PUEs prepared at 120 and 80 1C initially possessed cylinder-and sphere-like structures, respectively, the cylinder-like structure might have produced the four-point pattern. Obvious changes in interdomain spacing of PUEs at 120 1C during the deformation process were observed in comparison with the spacing at 80 1C. This was due mainly to the formation of a well-developed, networked, cylinder-like microdomain structure. Strain-induced crystallization of the soft-segment chains evaluated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction results was also consistent with the results from SAXS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray diffraction study of the microdomain structure of polyurethane elastomers during mechanical deformation

Kojio

Matsuo

Motokucho

et al. 2011

Polym J

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“…The corresponding scattering patterns are computed and compared to the measured patterns, as has been demonstrated after a continuous-straining experiment of toughened ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene. [28] Another study [29] presents SAXS data from a fatigue test. An isotropic polyurethane elastomer is subjected to load-reversal cycling, and the shape of the observed ellipsoidal reflection is compared to the model scattering of affinely deformed macrolattices (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructure Evolution in Poly(propylene) During Mechanical Testing

Stribeck

Nöchel

Funari³

et al. 2008

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Slow continuous mechanical tests of oriented poly(propylene) (PP) are monitored by combined two‐dimensional (2D) ultra‐small‐angle X‐ray scattering (USAXS) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Patterns are transformed to the 3D chord distribution (CDF), a real‐space representation of nanostructure. From the CDF, topological parameters of the semicrystalline domain structure are extracted and discussed. A continuous‐strain test shows fracture and release of weak lamellae (2–10% strain). Beyond that we see conversion of lamellae into needles. As all layers are consumed the material breaks. Fatigue is studied in load‐reversal (between 10 and 35% strain). We report cyclic (damped) crystallization, layer break, and relaxation melting.magnified image

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“…For the drawing process, most on-line measurement studies fall into one of two categories; batch drawing under small strain rate [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] , and draw ratio dependence of continuous drawing [33][34][35][36] . In both cases, x-ray diffraction images are taken at a fixed position.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction/small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements for the CO₂‐laser‐heated drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber

Yamaguchi

Komoriyama

Ohkoshi

et al. 2005

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Fiber structure development in the poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber drawing process was investigated by on-line measurement of wide-angle and small-angle x-ray scattering employing both a high-luminance x-ray source and a carbon dioxide laser-heated-drawing system. Intensity profile of transmitted x-ray confirmed the location of the neck-drawing point. Obtained diffraction images had a time-resolution of several milliseconds, which still leaves a great capacity for improvement. Crystal diffraction appeared in the wide-angle x-ray images almost instantaneously about 20 ms after necking, whereas a four-point SAXS pattern appeared immediately after necking. With the elapse of time after necking, the four-point scattering pattern changed to a meridional two-point shape.

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Real time SAXS/stress–strain studies of thermoplastic polyurethanes at large strains

Cited by 94 publications

References 24 publications

Simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray diffraction study of the microdomain structure of polyurethane elastomers during mechanical deformation

Simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray diffraction study of the microdomain structure of polyurethane elastomers during mechanical deformation

Nanostructure Evolution in Poly(propylene) During Mechanical Testing

Online wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction/small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements for the CO₂‐laser‐heated drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber

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Real time SAXS/stress–strain studies of thermoplastic polyurethanes at large strains

Cited by 94 publications

References 24 publications

Simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray diffraction study of the microdomain structure of polyurethane elastomers during mechanical deformation

Simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray diffraction study of the microdomain structure of polyurethane elastomers during mechanical deformation

Nanostructure Evolution in Poly(propylene) During Mechanical Testing

Online wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction/small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements for the CO2‐laser‐heated drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber

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Product

Resources

About

Online wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction/small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements for the CO₂‐laser‐heated drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber