Real time RT-PCR assay for detection of different serotypes of FMDV in Egypt

Abstract

Aim: The present study indicated that rRT-PCR could be provided for the detection of FMDV in infected, contact and carrier cattle and also provide a rapid sensitive tool aiming to aid in rapid disease detection and control. Foot and Mouth disease virus serotypes O and A still existing in Egypt. In January 2012, sever outbreaks struck the animal population in most Egyptian 1 governorates. The causative virus was identified as FMDV SAT2. Material and Methods: Five samples of tongue epithelium (ET) and five oesophageal-pharyngeal (OP) fluid samples were collected from FMD suspected cattle in infected farm at El-Fayoum and 20 OP samples from in-contact cattle at the same farm in addition to 30 OP samples from apparently healthy cattle at three different localities in El-Fayoum governorate (12 from Fayoum; 9 from Sinoras and 9 from Edsa) in order to detect carrier cattle. All of these samples were collected during November and December 2011 and January 2012. Results: All the ET and OP samples were inoculated on BHK cell culture and baby mice. The obtained results were identified using complement fixation test in addition to real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). In the infected farm at El-Fayoum FMDV type SAT2 was detected in cattle which are considered as the first introduction of this type while FMDV type O and SAT2 were detected in the in-contact cattle in the same farm. The sensitivity of rRT-PCR was cleared in the in-contact cattle as 13 out of 20 OP samples were positive to FMDV by rRT-PCR while 11 out of 20 OP samples were positive to FMDV by CFT. The OP samples collected from apparently healthy cattle from Fayoum, Sinoras and Edsa localities in Fayoum governorate demonstrate the circulation of the FMDV type A, O and the recent SAT2 in carrier cattle which threaten cattle population in Fayoum governorate. Also the sensitivity of real time RT-PCR over the CFT in detection of FMDV carrier cattle was clearly noticed in these localities as 19 out of 30 OP samples were positive by rRT-PCR while in contrast there were only 16 out of 30 samples positive by CFT. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that real-time RT-PCR currently used at the WRL for FMD provides an extremely sensitive and rapid additional procedure for improved laboratory diagnosis of FMD especially in-contact and carrier cases. The rRT-PCR generated results in less than one day from test commencement, in contrast to up to four days to define some positive and all negative samples by combined use of CFT and virus isolation. This is an important feature when definitive diagnostic results are required in a short timescale during emergencies. Also this study demonstrates the current situation of FMDV circulating in EL-Fayoum governorate and the introduction of new SAT2 serotype beside type A and O.

Molecular Study on Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Beheira Governorate, Egypt during 2014

“…Serotype O is the most endemic since 1970 (Samuel et al, 1990) while serotype A was isolated and identified in 2006 after importation of live animals from Ethiopia (Abed El-Rahman et al, 2006;El-Kholy et al, 2007;Knowles et al, 2007). The newest serotype is SAT-2, which was detected in 2012 (EL-Shehawy et al, 2012;Valdazo-González et al, 2012).…”

Pathological Studies on Foot and Mouth disease at Kaluobia Governorate

“…Serotype O is the most endemic since 1970 (Samuel, et al, 1990) while serotype A was isolated and identified in 2006 after importation of live animals from Ethiopia (Abed El-Rahman, et al, 2006). The newest serotype is SAT-2, which was detected in 2012 (EL-Shehawy, et al, 2012;Valdazo-González, et al, 2012). The present work aims to evaluate the histopathological changes of the affected body organs in clinically infected died young and adult cattle and buffalos as well as isolate and identify the serotype of FMDV.…”

Diagnosis of bovine foot and mouth disease virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing from outbreak herd samples in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara state, Nigeria

“…specificity and the ability to detect diverse FMDV strains (pan-reactivity) as an additional requirement over any routine FMD diagnostic assay [11]. In Nigeria, much attention is not given to FMD control and as a fall-out beef export contributes insignificantly to economic development as reflected by global distribution [2] due to trade exclusion from lucrative world markets [12].…”