Real-Time Performance of the microAeth® AE51 and the Effects of Aerosol Loading on Its Measurement Results at a Traffic Site

Chen, Yu-Hsiang; Lin, Ming-Chuan

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2012.12.0371

Cited by 70 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The DustTrak TM was fitted into a modified version of the aerosol sampling box described in [45], with an isokinetic flow splitter (TSI 3708) directing the airflow to different measurement pathways and Casella Apex Pro pumps providing the makeup flow to ensure correct size separation in the PM 2.5 inlet (BGI miniPM ® inlet 5011, 5 L·min −1 ). Smoke black carbon (BC) content was assessed using a microAeth AE51 [46].…”

Section: Smoke Measurements At Fixed Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Tropical Peatland Gas and Particulate Emissions Factors Indicate 2015 Indonesian Fires Released Far More Particulate Matter (but Less Methane) than Current Inventories Imply

et al. 2018

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Deforestation and draining of the peatlands in equatorial SE Asia has greatly increased their flammability, and in September-October 2015 a strong El Niño-related drought led to further drying and to widespread burning across parts of Indonesia, primarily on Kalimantan and Sumatra. These fires resulted in some of the worst sustained outdoor air pollution ever recorded, with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentrations exceeding those considered "extremely hazardous to health" by up to an order of magnitude. Here we report unique in situ air quality data and tropical peatland fire emissions factors (EFs) for key carbonaceous trace gases (CO 2 , CH 4 and CO) and PM 2.5 and black carbon (BC) particulates, based on measurements conducted on Kalimantan at the height of the 2015 fires, both at locations of "pure" sub-surface peat burning and spreading vegetation fires atop burning peat. PM 2.5 are the most significant smoke constituent in terms of human health impacts, and we find in situ PM 2.5 emissions factors for pure peat burning to be 17.8 to 22.3 g·kg −1 , and for spreading vegetation fires atop burning peat 44 to 61 g·kg −1 , both far higher than past laboratory burning of tropical peat has suggested. The latter are some of the highest PM 2.5 emissions factors measured worldwide. Using our peatland CO 2 , CH 4 and CO emissions factors (1779 ± 55 g·kg −1 , 238 ± 36 g·kg −1 , and 7.8 ± 2.3 g·kg −1 respectively) alongside in situ measured peat carbon content (610 ± 47 g-C·kg −1 ) we provide a new 358 Tg (± 30%) fuel consumption estimate for the 2015 Indonesian fires, which is less than that provided by the GFEDv4.1s and GFASv1.2 global fire emissions inventories by 23% and 34% respectively, and which due to our lower EF CH4 produces far less (~3×) methane. However, our mean in situ derived EF PM2.5 for these extreme tropical peatland fires (28 ± 6 g·kg −1 ) is far higher than current emissions inventories assume, resulting in our total Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 495; doi:10.3390/rs10040495 www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 495 2 of 31 PM 2.5 emissions estimate (9.1 ± 3.5 Tg) being many times higher than GFEDv4.1s, GFASv1.2 and FINNv2, despite our lower fuel consumption. We find that two thirds of the emitted PM 2.5 come from Kalimantan, one third from Sumatra, and 95% from burning peatlands. Using new geostationary fire radiative power (FRP) data we map the fire emissions' spatio-temporal variations in far greater detail than ever before (hourly, 0.05 • ), identifying a tropical peatland fire diurnal cycle twice as wide as in neighboring non-peat areas and peaking much later in the day. Our data show that a combination of greatly elevated PM 2.5 emissions factors, large areas of simultaneous, long-duration burning, and very high peat fuel consumption per unit area made these Sept to Oct tropical peatland fires the greatest wildfire source of particulate matter globally in 2015, furthering evidence for a regional atmospheric pollution impact whose particulate matter component in...

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Section: Smoke Measurements At Fixed Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Tropical Peatland Gas and Particulate Emissions Factors Indicate 2015 Indonesian Fires Released Far More Particulate Matter (but Less Methane) than Current Inventories Imply

et al. 2018

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“…The accumulation of particles on the filter over time increases the absorbance, which is calculated relative to a reference cell. The attenuation IR is then transferred to mass concentration of black carbon (described in detail by Cheng and Lin (2013)). …”

Section: Measurements and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of indoor-generated particles to residential exposure

Isaxon

Gudmundsson

Nordin

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sSeveral high time resolution instruments were operated for seven days in 22 homes. Concentrations above 10 4 cm À3 almost only occur during active periods of occupancy. Known and unknown indoor activities were 86% of the total integrated daily residential exposure. Source strengths of specific activities ranged from 1.6$10 12 to 4.5$10 12 min À1 . Correlation between UFP and mass conc of soot in total dust was on average 56%. a b s t r a c tThe majority of airborne particles in residences, when expressed as number concentrations, are generated by the residents themselves, through combustion/thermal related activities. These particles have a considerably smaller diameter than 2.5 mm and, due to the combination of their small size, chemical composition (e.g. soot) and intermittently very high concentrations, should be regarded as having potential to cause adverse health effects.In this study, time resolved airborne particle measurements were conducted for seven consecutive days in 22 randomly selected homes in the urban area of Lund in southern Sweden. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of human activities on the concentration of particles in indoor air. Focus was on number concentrations of particles with diameters <300 nm generated by indoor activities, and how these contribute to the integrated daily residential exposure. Correlations between these particles and soot mass concentration in total dust were also investigated.It was found that candle burning and activities related to cooking (using a frying pan, oven, toaster, and their combinations) were the major particle sources.The frequency of occurrence of a given concentration indoors and outdoors was compared for ultrafine particles. Indoor data was sorted into non-occupancy and occupancy time, and the occupancy time was further divided into non-activity and activity influenced time. It was found that high levels (above 10 4 cm À3 ) indoors mainly occur during active periods of occupancy, while the concentration during nonactivity influenced time differs very little from non-occupancy time.Total integrated daily residential exposure of ultrafine particles was calculated for 22 homes, the contribution from known activities was 66%, from unknown activities 20%, and from background/non-activity 14%.The collected data also allowed for estimates of particle source strengths for specific activities, and for some activities it was possible to estimate correlations between the number concentration of ultrafine particles and the mass concentration of soot in total dust in 10 homes. Particle source strengths (for 7 specific activities) ranged from 1.6$10 12 to 4.5$10 12 min À1 .The correlation between ultrafine particles and mass concentration of soot in total dust varied between 0.37 and 0.85, with an average of 0.56 (Pearson correlation coefficient).This study clearly shows that due to the importance of indoor sources, residential exposure to ultrafine particles cannot be characterized by ambient measurements alone.

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“…Moreover, Moteki et al (2014) showed that the abundance of coated BC particles among total BCcontaining particles can vary considerably with time. In addition, the abundance of coated BC parti cles varies with emission sources (China et al, 2014;China et al, 2013). Therefore, it is conceivable that the strength of the correlation declines if the abundance of coated BC particles increases in the afternoon.…”

Section: Comparison Between Surface Area Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, some of the BC particles in the ambient air are considered to be coated with organic carbon (OC: China et al, 2014;China et al, 2013). If these particles are heavily coated with OC, their specific surface area is likely to decrease significantly.…”

Section: Comparison Between Surface Area Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-line Measurement of the Surface Area Concentration of Aerosols in Yokohama, Japan, using the Diffusion Charging Method

Hatoya¹,

Okuda²,

Funato³

et al. 2016

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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Numerous researchers have proposed that surface area is a more appropriate indicator than mass for evaluating pulmonary inflammatory responses caused by exposure to fine and ultrafine particles. In this study, measurements of surface area concentrations of aerosols were conducted in Yokohama, Japan, using the diffusion charging method. PM 2.5 mass concentration and black carbon concentration in PM 2.5 were also measured. The 24-hour continuous measurement campaigns were conducted 39 times from March to November, 2014. The surface area concentration was more closely correlated with the black carbon concentration than with the PM 2.5 mass concentration. It is considered that the abundance of black carbon particles significantly affects the surface area concentration of PM 2.5 . The strength of the correlation between the surface area and black carbon concentrations varied considerably among the measurement campaigns. A relatively weaker afternoon correlation was observed compared with the other time zones (morning, evening, and night). We consider that these phenomena are due to the transportation/formation of the particles other than black carbon that affects surface area concentration and/or the variation of the surface condition of the black carbon particles.

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Real-Time Performance of the microAeth® AE51 and the Effects of Aerosol Loading on Its Measurement Results at a Traffic Site

Cited by 70 publications

References 47 publications

New Tropical Peatland Gas and Particulate Emissions Factors Indicate 2015 Indonesian Fires Released Far More Particulate Matter (but Less Methane) than Current Inventories Imply

New Tropical Peatland Gas and Particulate Emissions Factors Indicate 2015 Indonesian Fires Released Far More Particulate Matter (but Less Methane) than Current Inventories Imply

Contribution of indoor-generated particles to residential exposure

On-line Measurement of the Surface Area Concentration of Aerosols in Yokohama, Japan, using the Diffusion Charging Method

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