Real-Time Monitoring of Heavy Metals in Healthcare via Twistable and Washable Smartsensors

Abstract

The wearable and integrated sensing platform is a promising choice for developing real-time analytic electronics with clear advantages but still poses challenges, such as the realization of high precision, low limit of detection (LOD), moderate mechanical capacity, integration, and miniaturization. In this work, a simple printed wearable smartsensor has been fabricated with the aid of electrochemical plating methods with bismuth (Bi) films. The excellent sensing behaviors, including linear relationship, selectivity, stability, repeatability, and the LOD at ppb levels, have been obtained by this smartsensor. Additionally, the highly flexible textile-based sensor exhibits potential application on the substrates of daily cloth, sports T-shirt, and sports wristbands, and it maintains good stability under repeated deformations of washing and twisting. Importantly, integrated with printed circuit board, single chip micyoco, and Bluetooth modules, a smartsensing platform is successfully acquired for real-time detection of heavy metals (e.g., Zn, Cd, Pb, etc.). Finally, actual samples of human sweat, seawater, cosmetics, and drinking water have been remotely successfully demonstrated for detection by this smartsensor, enabling a great promise for fast on-site screening of samples in practical application.

The development of wearable technologies and their potential for measuring nutrient intake: Towards precision nutrition

“…The target metal ions in the solution are firstly reduced on the working electrode for the pre‐concentration and then stripped back with a specific potential excitation for the detection. The SWASV is integrated into wearable devices for the in‐situ analysis of minerals in sweat (Bariya et al, 2020; Gao, Nyein, et al, 2016; Hui et al, 2020; Jiang et al, 2020; Kim, de Araujo, et al, 2015). Gao et al proposed a flexible microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in sweat including zinc, copper, cadmium, lead and mercury (Figure 4e) (Gao, Nyein, et al, 2016).…”

Bismuth, a Previously Less‐studied Element, Is Bursting into New Hotspots

“…The device can simultaneously monitor the human body‘s humidity, temperature, and activity since the energy can be powered entirely by the body‘s heat (Figure 9c). Then Zhu et al [109] . fabricated a printed wearable smart sensor for real‐time detection of heavy metals (e. g., Cd, Zn, Pb, etc.)…”

“…energy can be powered entirely by the body's heat (Figure 9c). Then Zhu et al [109] fabricated a printed wearable smart sensor for real-time detection of heavy metals (e. g., Cd, Zn, Pb, etc.) by electrochemical plating of Bi films.…”

“…Copyright 2020, Elsevier). d) Schematic diagram of a wearable smart sensor based on Bi film generated by electrochemical plating method (Reprinted with permission [109] . Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society).…”

A rime ice-inspired bismuth-based flexible sensor for zinc ion detection in human perspiration

“…To overcome these disadvantages, a sensitive and effective method called anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) has been reported as a powerful tool for detecting the presence of Zn ions. Anodic stripping measurement of Zn in perspiration has been proposed using several types of materials and associated electronics [34,35]. Among them, bismuth-based materials have been widely used for Zn ions and other heavy metal ions sensing due to their excellent stripping performance, broad linear range, environmentally friendly nature, high hydrogen evolution, and negligible toxicity [28,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”