Real-time monitoring of electrochemically induced calcium carbonate depositions: Kinetics and mechanisms

Liu, Zilong; Onay, Hayati; Guo, Fengzhi; Lv, Qichao; Sudhölter, Ernst J. R.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137719

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 1c, with the Mg 2+ concentration increasing, the removal efficiency of Ca 2+ gradually decreased due to the lack of CO 3 2− . 26,27 However, even if the conversion rate of HCO 3 − to CO 3 2− is increased, insufficient dissolved HCO 3 − would still be the limiting factor. 28 When the concentration of HCO 3 − was equal to the Ca 2+ concentration, only 70% Ca 2+ was removed.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of Electric and Flow Fields to Enhance Ion Transport for Energy-Efficient Electrochemical Tap-Water Softening

Li,

Xu,

Tao

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Electrochemical-induced precipitation is a sustainable approach for tap-water softening, but the hardness removal performance and energy efficiency are vastly limited by the ultraslow ion transport and the superlow local HCO 3 − /Ca 2+ ratio compared to the industrial scenarios. To tackle the challenges, we herein report an energy-efficient electrochemical tap-water softening strategy by utilizing an integrated cathode−anode−cathode (CAC) reactor in which the direction of the electric field is reversed to that of the flow field in the upstream cell, while the same in the downstream cell. As a result, the transport of ions, especially HCO 3 − , is significantly accelerated in the downstream cell under a flow field. The local HCO 3 − /Ca 2+ ratio is increased by 1.5 times, as revealed by the finite element numerical simulation and in situ imaging. In addition, a continuous flow electrochemical system with an integrated CAC reactor is operated for 240 h to soften tap water. Experiments show that a much lower cell voltage (9.24 V decreased) and energy consumption (28% decreased) are obtained. The proposed ion-transport enhancement strategy by coupled electric and flow fields provides a new perspective on developing electrochemical technologies to meet the flexible and economic demand for tap-water softening.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of Electric and Flow Fields to Enhance Ion Transport for Energy-Efficient Electrochemical Tap-Water Softening

Li,

Xu,

Tao

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Calcination maintains and decomposes the carbide slag raw material by heating up to form a uniform temperature field inside the particles. Compared with the raw material, the calcined product has a smaller particle size, a more regular morphology, and an improved channel size, which provides more reaction sites for mineralized CO 2 . A large number of clusters of aggregate particles appear on the surface of the mineralized products in Figure f, which is the combination of calcined products and CO 2 mineralization to produce CaCO 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Direct Mineralization of CO₂ by Carbide Slag under Ambient Temperature and Pressure Reaction Conditions

Lu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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With the proposal of double carbon targets in several countries, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology for large-scale CO 2 sequestration is receiving increasing attention. Alkaline solid waste carbide slag is a cheap and adequate raw material for CCS. Based on the control steps of the mineralization reaction for CO 2 fixation by carbide slag, a stepwise enhanced strategy for wet mineralization sealing under normal reaction conditions was devised to efficiently improve CO 2 mineralization and byproduct CaCO 3 content. Specifically, we introduced calcination to change the surface morphology of the carbide slag and then utilized agitation to improve the solid−liquid consistency and enhance the dissolution of the carbide slag and the leaching of Ca 2+ . Ultrasound and magnetic stirring cause the carbide slurry to vibrate, shock, and disperse violently so that the calciumcontaining phase releases more Ca 2+ into the reaction system and promotes CO 2 mineralization. However, it is possible that ultrasonic waves to some extent destroyed the CaCO 3 released from the carbide slag to form an encapsulating layer on the surface, allowing more Ca 2+ reactions and better performance of CO 2 capture and CO 2 mineralization efficiency under ultrasonic conditions. The addition of NaOH solution affected the generation of carbonate and the mineralization reaction, which resulted in a CO 2 mineralization efficiency of 86.7% (637 kg CO 2 /tonne of slag), a calcium mineralization product with a purity of 94.1%, and a particle size of about 100 μm under the conditions of 300 W, 25 °C, and 1 M concentration. This technology progressively enhances the process of fixing CO 2 by wetting the carbide slag with the byproduct of CaCO 3 .

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“…Chi et al [10] applied the groundwater chemistry simulation software Phreeqc to investigate the effect of temperature on the erosion of feldspar by groundwater solutions at different CO 2 partial pressures, calcium feldspar, potassium feldspar, and sodium feldspar in solution simultaneously and separately at different CO 2 partial pressures were hydrochemically simulated by Phreeqc [11]. Fang et al [9] used a coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-discrete element method to numerically analyze the movement of particles in a fractured fog model to clarify the migration and channel flow control law of particles in fractured porous carbonate reservoirs [12]; de Paula Cosmo et al [11] analyzed the calcium carbonate fouling law in oil and gas field pipeline with high CO 2 content under pseudo-equilibrium conditions by self-developed thermodynamic calculation software [13]; Zhiming et al [12] established a mathematical model of CaSO 4 precipitation fouling formation process in circular pipe from the perspective of heat and mass transfer, and conducted corresponding numerical simulation and experimental validation. Based on the simulated temperature, velocity, and CaSO 4 mass concentration fields in the circular pipe, the deposition rate, exfoliation rate, and thermal resistance of CaSO 4 fouling with time were calculated from this fouling model [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the simulated temperature, velocity, and CaSO 4 mass concentration fields in the circular pipe, the deposition rate, exfoliation rate, and thermal resistance of CaSO 4 fouling with time were calculated from this fouling model [14]. Liu et al [13] innovatively combined electrochemical technology and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) in one analytical instrument (EQCM-D). EQCM-D to monitor CaCO 3 deposition in real time and provide kinetic details of the CaCO 3 deposition process [15]; Chen et al [14] proposed an integrated thermodynamic model based on the electrolyte nonrandom double liquid activity coefficient equation for analytically accurate calculations of calcium carbonate scaling in highsalinity aquatic waters [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fouling Pattern of Tunnel Drainage Pipe in Karst Areas

Lv,

Wu,

et al. 2023

Advances in Civil Engineering

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As the groundwater in karst areas is rich in calcium ions, when the groundwater flows out of the tunnel drainage pipe, calcium carbonate crystals will be precipitated and then adhere to the pipe wall, which will easily cause chemical blockage in the drainage pipe wall, thus affecting the drainage efficiency and leading to the increase of water pressure outside the tunnel lining, affecting the safety and stability of the structure. Therefore, the blockage of calcium carbonate crystals in tunnel drains is one of the most important problems for the safe and normal operation of tunnels. In order to quantify and qualify the process of crystalline blockage in the drainage system of tunnels in karst areas, this paper constructs a numerical model with coupled multiphysical fields of the flow field and particle concentration field and also combines data from indoor tests to compare and verify the simulation results and analyze the time-varying law of crystalline solids deposited on the pipe wall. In this paper, we consider the force situation of crystalline solids in the pipe by water flow, analyze the related theories, comprehensively study the migration and deposition law of crystalline particles in the drainage pipe, and establish a numerical simulation model of the pipe crystallization rate considering temperature, flow velocity and concentration of sediment particles based on ANSYS FLUENT software, and refine and analyze several parameters in the model, so that it can provide a theoretical analysis framework for the tunnel drainage pipe blockage in karst areas by providing a theoretical analysis framework.

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Real-time monitoring of electrochemically induced calcium carbonate depositions: Kinetics and mechanisms

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Coupling of Electric and Flow Fields to Enhance Ion Transport for Energy-Efficient Electrochemical Tap-Water Softening

Coupling of Electric and Flow Fields to Enhance Ion Transport for Energy-Efficient Electrochemical Tap-Water Softening

Accelerated Direct Mineralization of CO₂ by Carbide Slag under Ambient Temperature and Pressure Reaction Conditions

Analysis of Fouling Pattern of Tunnel Drainage Pipe in Karst Areas

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Real-time monitoring of electrochemically induced calcium carbonate depositions: Kinetics and mechanisms

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Coupling of Electric and Flow Fields to Enhance Ion Transport for Energy-Efficient Electrochemical Tap-Water Softening

Coupling of Electric and Flow Fields to Enhance Ion Transport for Energy-Efficient Electrochemical Tap-Water Softening

Accelerated Direct Mineralization of CO2 by Carbide Slag under Ambient Temperature and Pressure Reaction Conditions

Analysis of Fouling Pattern of Tunnel Drainage Pipe in Karst Areas

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Accelerated Direct Mineralization of CO₂ by Carbide Slag under Ambient Temperature and Pressure Reaction Conditions