Real‐time measurement of oxyhemoglobin concentration changes in the frontal micturition area: An fNIRS study

Abstract

This study shows that the frontal micturition area is activated during natural bladder filling and voiding using fNIRS.

Tolterodine activates the prefrontal cortex during bladder filling in OAB patients: A real‐time NIRS‐urodynamics study

“…The NIRS was performed as follows . After headgear with the NIRS probe array was attached to the seated patient (Fig.…”

“…The probe array was positioned on the patient's head with the medial detector of the lowest optode row corresponding to T3 of the electroencephalographic 10–20 system, and the lower edge of the probe set was fixed 1 cm above the inion. Concentration changes in oxy‐Hb and deoxy‐Hb were calculated based on a modified Beer–Lambert approach . According to a standardized brain atlas, the probe array covers the Brodmann areas 8, 9,10, 44, and 46 and the more anterior parts of the frontal cortex.…”

“…Recent studies showed a close relation between both volume and pressure with increased bladder sensation in OAB patients . This relation can be reproduced in real‐time in the prefrontal cortex using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) . A peculiar feature in OAB patients, compared with controls, is that during slow bladder filling, the prefrontal cortex is deactivated, whereas it normally suppresses the spino‐bulbo‐spinal micturition reflex .…”

Is overactive bladder a brain disease? The pathophysiological role of cerebral white matter in the elderly

“…The frontal cortex is now recognized as an important higher center for micturition: damage to the prefrontal cortex, medial superior/middle frontal gyri, anterior cingulate cortex, supplemental motor area and insula have been shown to result in marked lower urinary tract dysfunction in humans . These clinical observations have been corroborated by functional neuroimaging in humans . The connection between the prefrontal cortex and the micturition circuit is still uncertain, but it is known that the prefrontal cortex projects fibers to the hypothalamus–periaqueductal gray directly.…”

Brain response provoked by different bladder volumes: A near infrared spectroscopy study

“…Still more a research evaluated how the oxygen extraction fraction response contributes to the nonlinearity of the blood‐oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) response to neural activity using NIRS machine 12. A recent report describes the successful use of multi‐channel NIRS‐technology studying hemodynamic responses in men during the state of “first desire to void,”13 and real‐time measurement using NIRS 14…”