Real-Time Energy Management Control for Hybrid Electric Powertrains

Abstract

This paper focuses on embedded control of a hybrid powertrain concepts for mobile vehicle applications. Optimal robust control approach is used to develop a real-time energy management strategy. The main idea is to store the normally wasted mechanical regenerative energy in energy storage devices for later usage. The regenerative energy recovery opportunity exists in any condition where the speed of motion is in the opposite direction to the applied force or torque. This is the case when the vehicle is braking, decelerating, the motion is driven by gravitational force, or load driven. There are three main concepts for energy storing devices in hybrid vehicles: electric, hydraulic, and mechanical (flywheel). The real-time control challenge is to balance the system power demands from the engine and the hybrid storage device, without depleting the energy storage device or stalling the engine in any work cycle. In the worst-case scenario, only the engine is used and the hybrid system is completely disabled. A rule-based control algorithm is developed and is tuned for different work cycles and could be linked to a gain scheduling algorithm. A gain scheduling algorithm identifies the cycle being performed by the work machine and its position via GPS and maps both of them to the gains.

Markov velocity predictor based on state space optimization and its applications in PHEV energy management

“…At present, the EMS of PHEV is divided into two main categories, namely rule-based and optimizationbased strategies. 1 The rule-based strategy, which usually contains deterministic rules [2][3][4][5] or fuzzy rules, [6][7][8] is sensitive to driving cycles and vehicle configurations and it requires rich engineering experience to generate. The optimization-based strategies mainly contain real-time and global optimization strategies.…”

Hybrid Sources Powered Electric Vehicle Configuration and Integrated Optimal Power Management Strategy

“…P. Pisu et al [200], discussed the comparative analysis of four different techniques (Finite State Machine, H-Infinity Control, Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization, and Dynamic Programming) for Energy Management in a sports vehicle. Zaher et al [201], design optimal robust control for real-time EMS. In this strategy, mechanical wastage is used to regenerate the energy for the energy storage device for later usage.…”

A Review of Optimal Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicle

“…They determined the optimal values of parameters (such as a CVT gear ratio, motor torque, and engine throttle) while maximizing overall system efficiency. For the optimal robust control, [10] developed a rule-based control algorithm and tuned it for different work cycles.…”