Real-Time Embedded Systems: Present and Future

Koulamas, Christos; Lazarescu, Mihai T.

doi:10.3390/electronics7090205

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Such a device is usually a DSP since its architecture is enhanced for this kind of task. In other cases, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) may also be a good alternative, considering that it is possible to design in it, customized parallel operations to lower execution times [11][12][13].…”

Section: Motor Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcontroller-Based Direct Torque Control Servodrive

Rodríguez-Ponce¹,

Mota-Muñoz²

2020

Journal of Robotics

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Robot technology has become an integral part of the automotive industry in several tasks such as material handling, welding, painting, and part assembly. Therefore, the knowledge and skills to control the electric motors in these manipulators are essential for undergraduate electrical engineering students. Currently, the digital signal processor (DSP) is the core chip in industrial motor-control drives; however, the implementation of DSP control algorithms can be quite challenging for an experienced programmer, even more so for the novice. Considerable research has been done on this topic, although authors usually focus on DSP-based motor drives using popular control techniques such as field-oriented control (FOC). Although highly efficient, this approach is usually reserved for postgraduate education due to its complex structure and functionality. In this paper, the authors present a modular servodrive design on a low-cost, general-purpose microcontroller using the direct torque control (DTC) method, an alternative known for greater simplicity and torque response, compared with FOC. The system design was based on Micropython language allowing the software structure to be more manageable and the code to be more understandable. This design will be useful to undergraduates and researchers with interests in motor control design.

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Section: Motor Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcontroller-Based Direct Torque Control Servodrive

Rodríguez-Ponce¹,

Mota-Muñoz²

2020

Journal of Robotics

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“…A value of m in the table means that the shifter scales the signal by 2 −m . In non-adaptive strategy, the scaling is fixed to 2 −9 , i.e., the 6 positions related to the maximum filter gain (K i up to 64) plus 3 for the bus-width reduction (7). In the coeff-adaptive approach, the positions correspond to the actual filter settings, plus the 3 positions for bus-width reduction.…”

Section: Snr (Db)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these systems, the signal is converted to the digital domain as near as possible to the signal source, i.e., directly at the receiver front-end [2][3][4][5], while the analog conditioning is maintained at a minimum. This trend is common to most modern electronics [6,7]. The availability of relatively economic high-speed Analog-to-Digital (AD) converters working at several hundreds of MHz, and digital devices like Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) [8] capable of in-line processing the high amount of data produced by the AD converters, foster the full-digital approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Adaptive Coherent Demodulator for High Dynamics Pulse-Wave Ultrasound Applications

Ricci

Meacci

2018

Electronics

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Pulse-Wave Doppler (PWD) ultrasound has been applied to the detection of blood flow for a long time; recently the same method was also proven effective in the monitoring of industrial fluids and suspensions flowing in pipes. In a PWD investigation, bursts of ultrasounds at 0.5–10 MHz are periodically transmitted in the medium under test. The received signal is amplified, sampled at tens of MHz, and digitally processed in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). First processing step is a coherent demodulation. Unfortunately, the weak echoes reflected from the fluid particles are received together with the echoes from the high-reflective pipe walls, whose amplitude can be 30–40 dB higher. This represents a challenge for the input dynamics of the system and the demodulator, which should clearly detect the weak fluid signal while not saturating at the pipe wall components. In this paper, a numerical demodulator architecture is presented capable of auto-tuning its internal dynamics to adapt to the feature of the actual input signal. The proposed demodulator is integrated into a system for the detection of the velocity profile of fluids flowing in pipes. Simulations and experiments with the system connected to a flow-rig show that the data-adaptive demodulator produces a noise reduction of at least of 20 dB with respect to different approaches, and recovers a correct velocity profile even when the input data are sampled at 8 bits only instead of the typical 12–16 bits.

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“…In the field of Real-time System (RTS), minimizing the jitter when treating the asynchronous events is an important factor in increasing the response speed, this issue being an interesting subject for obtaining fast enough equipment for the most demanding applications. In this regard, in order to guarantee the performance of a RTS, only an increased speed for the execution of tasks does not suffice; an optimal scheduler is also needed in order to meet individual tasks deadlines without reducing their average response time [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardware RTOS: Custom Scheduler Implementation Based on Multiple Pipeline Registers and MIPS32 Architecture

Zagan

Găitan

2019

Electronics

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The task context switch operation, the inter-task synchronization and communication mechanisms, as well as the jitter occurred in treating aperiodic events, are crucial factors in implementing real-time operating systems (RTOS). In practice and literature, several solutions can be identified for improving the response speed and performance of real-time systems. Software implementations of RTOS-specific functions can generate significant delays, adversely affecting the deadlines required for certain applications. This paper presents an original implementation of a dedicated processor, based on multiple pipeline registers, and a hardware support for a dynamic scheduler with the following characteristics: performs unitary event management, provides access to architecture shared resources, prioritizes and executes the multiple events expected by the same task. The paper also presents a method through which interrupts are assigned to tasks. Through dedicated instructions, the integrated hardware scheduler implements tasks synchronization with multiple prioritized events, thus ensuring an efficient functioning of the processor in the context of real-time control.

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Real-Time Embedded Systems: Present and Future

Abstract: n/a

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Microcontroller-Based Direct Torque Control Servodrive

Microcontroller-Based Direct Torque Control Servodrive

Data-Adaptive Coherent Demodulator for High Dynamics Pulse-Wave Ultrasound Applications

Hardware RTOS: Custom Scheduler Implementation Based on Multiple Pipeline Registers and MIPS32 Architecture

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