Real-Time Ellipsometric Characterization of Initial Growth Stage of Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):Poly(styrene sulfonic acid) Films by Electrospray Deposition

Abstract

Kinetic spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used to study the initial growth stage of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) films by the electrospray deposition (ESD) method. The real-time spectra analysis revealed that the surface overlayer decreased in thickness, once the first bulk layer monolayer was formed, indicating a smoothening effect as the nucleation-related microstructure coalesced into the bulk layer. Once the coalescence was completed and the nucleation-induced surface roughness layer was stabilized, the underlying bulk layer increased linearly with time. These results originate from the degrees of the evaporation of solvent material during the transfer of the precursors to the surface and/or of the diffusion of deposition precursors after sticking at the growing surface.

Improved Power Conversion Efficiency of Organic Photovoltaic Cell Fabricated by Electrospray Deposition Method by Mixing Different Solvents

“…14) Our research group has also investigated an efficient solution process, called the electrospray deposition (ESD) method. [15][16][17][18] The OPV, 15) the organic photoconductive device, 16) and the OLED 18) have already been demonstrated fabricated by the ESD method. In this process, a high voltage of 2 to 15 kV is applied to the polymer solution, which is then divided into several particles with diameters of the order of 1 to 5 m. 19,20) As a result, most of the solvent evaporates before reaching the substrate owing to the large surface area.…”

Retracted: Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) films by electrospray deposition for crystalline silicon/organic hybrid junction solar cells

“…With the aim of improving this type of processing without any chemical modification on c-Si wafer, we have applied electrospray deposition (ESD) utilizing a dry process with a solution precursor to achieve a uniform film coating. Thus far, we have studied the growth of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film growth using several solvent solutions by the ESD for the c-Si/organic junction solar cells [7].…”

Electrospray Deposition of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films for Crystalline Silicon/Organic Hybrid Junction Solar Cells

“…We confirmed the uniform deposition of PEDOT:PSS films by adjusting the solvent solution and solvent concentration. [13][14][15] In addition, we found that the uniaxial optical anisotropic property was prominent at the initial growth stage of PEDOT:PSS films on a c-Si wafer. 16) Thus, ESD is a possible method for the uniform coating of conjugated polymers by a dry process using a solution as a deposition precursor.…”