Real Gas Effects in Carbon Dioxide Cycles

Angelino, G.

doi:10.1115/69-gt-102

Cited by 100 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In this analysis the "condensing" cycle increases the efficiency to 48.3% for the same peak turbine inlet temperature. The condensing re-compression cycle was originally described in a series of reports by Angelino, (Angelino, 1967(Angelino, , 1968(Angelino, , and 1969, and it provided the foundation for the MIT research by Dostal (Dostal, 2004). In the condensing power cycle, the waste heat cooler condenses the CO 2 to a saturated liquid, at the compressor inlet, rather than a gas as in the Brayton cycle.…”

Section: The Condensing Power Cycle For Moderate To High Turbine Inlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first portion performed a series of power cycle analyses to assess the potential of S-CO 2 power systems to increase the efficiency by using a "condensing" recompression power cycle. This power cycle was first described by Angelino (1969) and later reviewed by Dostal (2004). The second effort consisted of performing a series of experimental tests using the Sandia S-CO 2 compression test-loop to validate the ability of these power systems to actually operate in the condensing mode.…”

Section: Research Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed LWR power cycle is a condensing re-compression power cycle with multiple (two) stages of reheat. This power cycle was originally described by Angelino (1969) and more recently summarized by Dostal (2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and experimental results for condensing supercritical CO2 power cycles.

Wright¹,

Conboy²,

Radel³

et al. 2011

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This Sandia supported research project evaluated the potential improvement that "condensing" supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO 2 ) power cycles can have on the efficiency of Light Water Reactors (LWR). The analytical portion of research project identified that a S-CO 2 "condensing" re-compression power cycle with multiple stages of reheat can increase LWR power conversion efficiency from 33-34% to 37-39%. The experimental portion of the project used Sandia's S-CO 2 research loop to show that the as designed radial compressor could "pump" liquid CO 2 and that the gas-cooler's could "condense" CO 2 even though both of these S-CO 2 components were designed to operate on vapor phase S-CO 2 near the critical point. There is potentially very high value to this research as it opens the possibility of increasing LWR power cycle efficiency, above the 33-34% range, while lowering the capital cost of the power plant because of the small size of the S-CO 2 power system. In addition it provides a way to incrementally build advanced LWRs that are optimally designed to couple to S-CO 2 power conversion systems to increase the power cycle efficiency to near 40%. 4 Executive SummaryThis "late start" LDRD project evaluated the potential improvement that "condensing" supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO 2 ) power cycles can have on the power conversion efficiency of Light Water Reactors (LWR). The research was performed over a period of about 3-4 months and consisted of both analysis and experiments. The analytical portion of research project identified that a S-CO 2 "condensing" re-compression power cycle with multiple stages of reheat can increase LWR efficiency to ~37-39%, according to computational models. Typical LWRs using steam turbines operate closer to 33-35%. The experimental portion of this project used Sandia's S-CO 2 research loop to show that the as-designed radial compressor could efficiently "pump" liquid CO 2 and that the gas cooler could "condense" CO 2, even though both of these components were designed to operate using single phase CO 2 near the critical point.There is potentially very high value to this research, as it opens the possibility of increasing LWR power cycle efficiency above the 33-35% range, while lowering the capital cost of the power plant due to the small size of the S-CO 2 power system . In addition this provides a way to incrementally build advanced LWRs that are optimally designed to couple to S-CO 2 power conversion systems, to further increase the power cycle efficiency beyond 40%.The research project consisted of two portions, an analysis portion and an experimental portion. The first portion performed a series of power cycle analysis to assess the potential of S-CO 2 power systems to increase the efficiency in LWRs. The power cycle that appears most suitable for LWRs is the "condensing" re-compression cycle with multiple stages of reheat. The second effort performed a series of experimental tests using the Sandia S-CO 2 compression test-loop to validate the ability of these power ...

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Section: The Condensing Power Cycle For Moderate To High Turbine Inlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and experimental results for condensing supercritical CO2 power cycles.

Wright¹,

Conboy²,

Radel³

et al. 2011

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“…A split-flow configuration, referred to as flow recompression in some references, is the baseline configuration for this work. The split-flow configuration, proposed by Angelino (1968Angelino ( , 1969, allows for an increase in efficiency of several percentage points as compared to a simple recuperated cycle. The reason for this is that the heat capacities for CO 2 are significantly different as a function of temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Disadvantages Of the S-co 2 Cycle Include The Followingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical CO2 direct cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR) concept.

Wright¹,

Parma²,

Suo-Anttila³

et al. 2011

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This report describes the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO 2 ) direct cycle gas fast reactor (SC-GFR) concept. The SC-GFR reactor concept was developed to determine the feasibility of a right size reactor (RSR) type concept using S-CO 2 as the working fluid in a direct cycle fast reactor. Scoping analyses were performed for a 200 to 400 MWth reactor and an S-CO 2 Brayton cycle. Although a significant amount of work is still required, this type of reactor concept maintains some potentially significant advantages over ideal gas-cooled systems and liquid metal-cooled systems. The analyses presented in this report show that a relatively small long-life reactor core could be developed that maintains decay heat removal by natural circulation. The concept is based largely on the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) commercial power plants operated in the United Kingdom and other GFR concepts. LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY5

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“…In [11][12][13][14], the use of carbon dioxide for supercritical and condensation closed cycles is proposed. In the suggested cycles, the compression of the carbon dioxide occurs near the bubble line, close to the critical temperature (31.06 • C) and with the minimum pressure near the critical value (73.83 bar).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Mixtures as Working Fluids in Real-Gas Brayton Cycles

Invernizzi

2017

Energies

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This paper discusses the thermodynamic characteristics of the closed Brayton cycles in which the compression is placed near the critical point of the working fluid. Under these conditions, the specific volumes of the fluid during the compression are a fraction of the corresponding values under ideal gas conditions, and the cycle performances improve significantly, mainly at moderate top temperatures. As the heat is discharged at about the critical temperature, the choice of the correct working fluid is strictly correlated with the environmental temperature or with the temperature of potential heat users. To resort to mixtures greatly extend the choice of the right working fluid, allowing a continuous variation of the critical temperature. These cycles have a high power density, and the use of ordinary turbomachinery is accompanied by high capacities (tens of megawatts). In the low power range, microturbines or reciprocating engines are required. One important constraint on the choice of the right working fluid is its thermochemical stability that restricts the operative temperatures. Among the organic compounds, the maximum safe temperatures are limited to about 400 • C and, forecasting high temperature applications, it could be interesting to explore the potentiality of the inorganic compounds as secondary fluids in binary mixtures.

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Real Gas Effects in Carbon Dioxide Cycles

Cited by 100 publications

References 3 publications

Modeling and experimental results for condensing supercritical CO2 power cycles.

Modeling and experimental results for condensing supercritical CO2 power cycles.

Supercritical CO2 direct cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR) concept.

Prospects of Mixtures as Working Fluids in Real-Gas Brayton Cycles

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