“…A few studies on ELs' engagement have emerged during the last decade, but these have been limited to the impact of interventions on dimensions of reading motivation, rather than engagement (e.g., Proctor, Daley, Louick, Leider, & Gardner, 2014;Taboada & Rutherford, 2011;Taboada Barber et al, 2015) or to qualitative reports on broad aspects of engagement (e.g., Cho, Xu, & Rhodes, 2010). To our knowledge, none of these empirical accounts have explored ELs' engagement over time at the individual student level using student self-reporting, and teacher and researcher observations.…”