Reading culture from tobacco advertisements in Indonesia

Nichter, Mimi; Padmawati, Siwi; Danardono, M; Ng, Nawi; Prabandari, Yayi Suryo; Nichter, Mark

doi:10.1136/tc.2008.025809

Cited by 77 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…the Marlboro Man and sponsorship of motor racing, alongside those of male romantic and financial success (13). Nichter et al (14) reviewed over five years of advertising of kretek cigarettes, a clove-infused local variety that holds 90% of market share in Indonesia, where male smoking prevalence is 62% (vs 1-3% among women). The main themes identified included 'smoking to enhance masculinity, and smoking as a means to uphold traditional values while simultaneously emphasizing modernity and globalization'.…”

Section: Gender Culture and Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender equity and tobacco control: bringing masculinity into focus

Morrow

Barraclough

2010

Glob Health Promot

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Abstract:Gender is a key -but often overlooked -determinant of tobacco use, especially in Asia, where sex-linked differences in prevalence rates are very large. In this article we draw upon existing data to consider the implications of these patterns for gender equity and propose approaches to redress inequity through gender-sensitive tobacco control activities. International evidence demonstrates that, in many societies, risk behaviours (including tobacco use) are practised substantially more by men and boys, and are also viewed as expressions of masculine identity. While gender equity focuses almost exclusively on the relative disadvantage of girls and women that exists in most societies, disproportionate male use of tobacco has profound negative consequences for men (as users) and for women (nonusers). Surprisingly, health promotion and tobacco control literature rarely focus on the role of gender in health risks among boys and men. However, tobacco industry marketing has masterfully incorporated gender norms, and also other important cultural values, to ensure its symbols are context-specific. By addressing gender-specific risks within the local cultural context -as countries are enjoined to do within the Framework Convention's Guiding Principles -it may be possible to accelerate the impact of mechanisms such as tobacco pricing, restrictions on marketing, smoking bans and provision of accurate information. It is essential that we construct a new research-to-policy framework for gender-sensitive tobacco control. Successful control of tobacco can only be strengthened by bringing males, and the concept of gender as social construction, back into our research and discussion on health and gender equity. (Global Health Promotion, 2010; Supp (1): pp. 21-28)

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Section: Gender Culture and Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender equity and tobacco control: bringing masculinity into focus

Morrow

Barraclough

2010

Glob Health Promot

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“…Moreover, through their sponsorships and philanthropic activities, the tobacco companies have managed to convince the adolescents, that through smoking, however, they have provided positive contributions to society. The Indonesian adolescents have become the main target of cigarette marketing by tobacco companies, as the cigarette marketing are always associated with adolescents, including cigarette advertising featured by young celebrities, cigarette packs designed attractive, and favorite events among the adolescents sponsored by the tobacco companies (S. Lee et al, 2012;Nichter et al, 2009). Empirical research has confirmed that approximately 90% of Indonesian adolescents have been exposed by the tobacco advertising and promotion (GYTS, 2009).…”

Section: Anti-smoking Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Some studies have confirmed that to increase their sale, Indonesian tobacco companies aggressively used small retailer outlets to advertise and to market tobacco products, especially to adolescents (Mardian, 2011;Nichter et al, 2009). …”

Section: Enforcing Ban On Cigarette Marketing Toward Teenagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

What should the Government do to Stop Epidemic of Smoking among Teenagers in Indonesia?

Tandilittin¹

2016

ACH

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Smoking epidemic has occurred among the Indonesian adolescents, as the nearly six out of ten the youth of ages 13 to 15 years smoke daily. In fact, Indonesia has also been known as "the country of smoking baby", as some family smokers have deliberately introduced the way of smoking to their toddlers. In Indonesia, the most new smokers has been ensnared by the tobacco industry, as they started to smoke when they were minors, which are in incapable condition to make rational decisions. In this context, moral question emerge: Is the government obligated to prevent teenagers from taking-up cigarettes, and what should the government do to stop the smoking epidemic among the adolescents in Indonesia? To answer these questions, this paper contain two main study: First, the author has conduct a survey to present an overview about the ensnarement of new smokers and the dilemma of the tobacco retailers in selling cigarettes to minors in Indonesia. Second, the author presents an overview of the negative impacts of tobacco on children and an obligation analysis of the government to prevent adolescents from taking-up cigarettes. It will then propose some approach to stop smoking epidemic among the adolescents in Indonesia.

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“…Most Indonesian smokers smoke kreteks, hand-rolled or machine-rolled clove-flavoured cigarettes, which account for over 92% of retail sales volume3 and, like all tobacco products, cause serious diseases and death 2. Smoking is the cultural norm in Indonesia and plays a central role in social and political systems 4. In December 2009, Indonesian governmental officials announced intentions to consider ratification of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap to a tobacco epidemic: transnational tobacco companies invade Indonesia

et al. 2011

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Background Indonesia is the world’s fifth largest cigarette market in the world but for decades, transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) have had limited success infiltrating this market, due to their inability to compete in the kretek market. Kreteks are clove/tobacco cigarettes that most Indonesians smoke. Objective To determine how Phillip Morris International (PMI) and British American Tobacco (BAT) have now successfully achieved a substantial market presence in Indonesia. Methods We analyzed previously secret, tobacco industry documents, corporate reports on Indonesia operations, the Tobacco Trade press, Indonesia media, and “The Roadmap.” Results Internal, corporate documents from BAT and PMI demonstrate that they had known for decades that kreteks are highly carcinogenic. Despite that knowledge, BAT and PMI now own and heavily market these products, as well as new more westernized versions of kreteks. BAT and PMI maintained the basic strategy of keeping cigarettes affordable by maintaining the social responsibility of smoking and opposing smoke-free workplace laws but in the 21st century, they added the acquisition of and Westernization of domestic kretek manufacturers as an additional strategy. These acquisitions allowed them to assert influences on health policy in Indonesia and to grow their business under current government policy embodied in the 2007-2020 Roadmap of Tobacco Products Industry and Excise Policy which calls for increased cigarette production by 12% over the next 15 years. Conclusion PMI and Bat have successfully entered and are expanding their share in the Indonesia cigarette market. Despite the obvious and pervasive influence of the tobacco industry on policy decisions, the Indonesian government should ratify the FCTC and implement effective legislation to reduce tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke and revise the Roadmap to protect future generations of Indonesians.

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Reading culture from tobacco advertisements in Indonesia

Cited by 77 publications

References 27 publications

Gender equity and tobacco control: bringing masculinity into focus

Gender equity and tobacco control: bringing masculinity into focus

What should the Government do to Stop Epidemic of Smoking among Teenagers in Indonesia?

Roadmap to a tobacco epidemic: transnational tobacco companies invade Indonesia

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