Reading Chinese characters for meaning: the role of phonological information

Spinks, John A.; Liu, Ying; Perfetti, Charles A.; Tan, Li Hai

doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00072-x

Cited by 86 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The findings of Spinks et al (2000) on morphosyllabic readers, according to which homophones of incongruent color words produced a stronger Stroop interference effect than did color-neutral words, was replicated and confirmed for our Chinese sample. In our study, the interference caused by incongruent color words was only marginally stronger than interference caused by homophones of incongruent color words.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Since some studies (e.g., Chen & Shu, 2001;Zhou & Marslen-Wilson, 1999) have called into question findings on phonological processing in accessing the meaning of Chinese characters, we sought to replicate the findings from Spinks et al (2000) which show that Stroop interference in Chinese readers is also caused by orthographically dissimilar homophones of incongruent color words. In Chinese, fence is pronounced exactly like blue.…”

Section: Routes From Print To Speech In Morphosyllabic and Alphabeticmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A recent finding that has seriously called the direct-access hypothesis into question comes from Spinks, Liu, Perfetti, and Tan (2000). They found a strong Stroop interference effect from orthographically dissimilar homophones of color words, thus suggesting that phonological codes provide early sources of constraint in access to meaning not only for alphabetic but also for morphosyllabic readers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences between Chinese morphosyllabic and German alphabetic readers in the Stroop interference effect

Saalbach

Stern

2004

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Routes From Print To Speech In Morphosyllabic and Alphabeticmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences between Chinese morphosyllabic and German alphabetic readers in the Stroop interference effect

Saalbach

Stern

2004

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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“…However, previous studies have suggested that phonology plays an important role in Chinese lexical access (e.g., Tan & Perfetti, 1997;Xu, Pollatsek, & Potter, 1999). Spinks, Liu, Perfetti, and Tan (2000) used the Stroop paradigm (Stroop, 1935) to investigate whether phonological information is automatically activated in visual Chinese word recognition. In a classic Stroop task, participants name the presentation color of the word rather than saying the word itself.…”

Section: Segments and Lexical Tonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The activation of segmental and tonal information in visual word recognition

Lin

Wang

et al. 2013

Psychon Bull Rev

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Mandarin Chinese has a logographic script in which graphemes map onto syllables and morphemes. It is not clear whether Chinese readers activate phonological information during lexical access, although phonological information is not explicitly represented in Chinese orthography. In the present study, we examined the activation of phonological information, including segmental and tonal information in Chinese visual word recognition, using the Stroop paradigm. Native Mandarin speakers named the presentation color of Chinese characters in Mandarin. The visual stimuli were divided into five types: color characters (e.g., 红, hong2, "red"), homophones of the color characters (S+T+; e.g., 洪, hong2, "flood"), different-tone homophones (S+T-; e.g., 轰, hong1, "boom"), characters that shared the same tone but differed in segments with the color characters (S-T+; e.g., 瓶, ping2, "bottle"), and neutral characters (S-T-; e.g., 牵, qian1, "leading through"). Classic Stroop facilitation was shown in all color-congruent trials, and interference was shown in the incongruent trials. Furthermore, the Stroop effect was stronger for S+T-than for S-T+ trials, and was similar between S+T+ and S+T-trials. These findings suggested that both tonal and segmental forms of information play roles in lexical constraints; however, segmental information has more weight than tonal information. We proposed a revised visual word recognition model in which the functions of both segmental and suprasegmental types of information and their relative weights are taken into account.

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“…It is also possible to observe phonological effects in noninterference situations where these can be designed. In a Stroop color-naming task, Spinks, Liu, Perfetti, and Tan (2000) found that characters that were homophones of color words produced facilitation when they were congruent with the color to be named as well as interference when they were incongruent. Results from these tasks cannot be taken to support the assumption that phonology mediates lexical access, for which a different experimental logic is needed (Tan & Perfetti, 1997).…”

Section: Word Identification With Phonologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lexical Constituency Model: Some Implications of Research on Chinese for General Theories of Reading.

Perfetti¹,

Liu²,

Tan³

2005

Psychological Review

367

326

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The authors examine the implications of research on Chinese for theories of reading and propose the lexical constituency model as a general framework for word reading across writing systems. Word identities are defined by 3 interlinked constituents (orthographic, phonological, and semantic). The implemented model simulates the time course of graphic, phonological, and semantic priming effects, including immediate graphic facilitation followed by graphic inhibition with simultaneous phonological facilitation, a pattern unique to the Chinese writing system. Pseudocharacter primes produced only facilitation, supporting the model's assumption that lexical thresholds determine phonological and semantic, but not graphic, effects. More generally, both universal reading processes and writing system constraints exist. Although phonology is universal, its activation process depends on how the writing system structures graphic units.

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Reading Chinese characters for meaning: the role of phonological information

Cited by 86 publications

References 34 publications

Differences between Chinese morphosyllabic and German alphabetic readers in the Stroop interference effect

Differences between Chinese morphosyllabic and German alphabetic readers in the Stroop interference effect

The activation of segmental and tonal information in visual word recognition

The Lexical Constituency Model: Some Implications of Research on Chinese for General Theories of Reading.

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