Reader Architectures for Wireless Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors

Lurz, Fabian; Ostertag, Thomas; Scheiner, Benedict; Weigel, Robert; Koelpin, Alexander

doi:10.3390/s18061734

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the Q-factor was between 8000 and 9800, as demonstrated in Figure 6c. These values are sufficient for a standard reader module to be able to effectively interrogate the resonators wirelessly [16]. Statistical analysis was performed on the data (from Figure 6) to determine whether the resonant frequency follows a normal distribution around the mean and whether the mean frequency of the resonators produced with our process is significantly different from the expected frequency, calculated in the simulation.…”

Section: Variation Across a Single Wafermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially challenging for differential SAW resonators with different orientations, since etching will not affect the two resonators in the same way. In practice, when wireless operation is desired and a reader module is used to wirelessly interrogate the resonators in the frequency domain, the reader's accuracy will dictate the frequency separation that is needed between the distinct responses and subsequently the number of resonators in a multi-resonator arrangement [16] operating in the 1.8 MHz range of the 433.92 MHz ISM band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators for Wireless Sensor Network Applications in the 433.92 MHz ISM Band

Moutoulas

Hamidullah

Prodromakis

2020

Sensors

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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators are low cost devices that can operate wirelessly on a received radio frequency (RF) signal with no requirement for an additional power source. Multiple SAW resonators operating as transponders that form a wireless sensor network (WSN), often need to operate at tightly spaced, different frequencies inside the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands. This requires nanometer precision in the design and fabrication processes. Here, we present results demonstrating a reliable and repeatable fabrication process that yields at least four arrays on a single 4-inch wafer. Each array consists of four single-port resonators with center frequencies allocated inside four different sub-bands that have less than 50 kHz bandwidth and quality factors exceeding 8000. We see promise of standard, low-cost photolithography techniques being used to fabricate multiple SAW resonators with different center resonances all inside the 433.05 MHz–434.79 MHz ISM band and a mere 100 kHz spacing. We achieved that by leveraging the intrinsic process variation of photolithography and the impact of the metallization ratio and metal thickness in rendering distinct resonant frequencies.

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Section: Variation Across a Single Wafermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators for Wireless Sensor Network Applications in the 433.92 MHz ISM Band

Moutoulas

Hamidullah

Prodromakis

2020

Sensors

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“…The experiments were performed with two different CTR-readers an S-FSCW and one FMCW. A description of reader principles can be found in [13].…”

Section: Temperature Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A general introduction to SAW devices can be found in [5][6][7]. Sensing with SAW devices is described in [1,8], resonators in [9,10], delay lines in [11,12] and reader units in [13,14]. SAW sensor can be divided into two groups: resonators and delay lines.…”

Section: Introduction To Saw Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Readout of Multiple SAW Temperature Sensors

Bruckner¹,

Bardong²

2019

Preprint

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It is since long known, that SAW devices, resonators as well as delay lines, can be used as passive wireless sensors for physical quantities like temperature and pressure as well as gas sensors or ID-Tags. The sensors are robust, work passively without battery, can be applied at high temperatures and provide a high resolution. Nevertheless, if the devices should be readout wirelessly in an industrial environment, several constraints have to be taken into account, especially when more than one quantity or device needs to be measured at the same time. The paper addresses the challenges that have to be tackled when establishing multi-sensor-wireless-readout for industrial applications. Major issues here are the legal ISM-band regulations, as well as sampling time and costs, which impose severe restrictions to any system design. We describe several design approaches and their constraints. We have successfully designed sensors based on reflective delay lines that allow the parallel readout of four independent temperature sensors in the 2.45 GHz ISM-band. These devices have been fabricated, positively tested and demonstrate the applicability of SAW sensors for industrial applications.

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“…[66], [86], [87] Noris Group -NORIFID Wireless data acquisition system where data and power are inductively transmitted (13.56 MHz RFID). Reader consists of a transformer, microcontroller, and signal converter.…”

Section: Accelerometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Condition Monitoring of Machinery and Equipment in Maritime Industry

2018

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A B S T R A C TSeagoing vessels are highly complex systems. Major requirements of marine vessels are continuous running time and high production output. As such, these systems require high availability and reliability, and are dependent on preventive maintenance procedures. Development of diverse range of sensors, combined with overall reduction in price, enabled implementation of condition based maintenance in such systems. Large increases in fuel cost, environmental restrictions and further crew reduction are current trend in maritime industry. Considering marine sector emphasis on the reduction of fuel consumption, environmental restrictions, and reduction of crew size, implementation of condition based maintenance is favourable, especially with regard to lost man-hours. However, high initial cost of installation on moving vessels, necessary crew training and additional sensor maintenance inhibits implementation of condition based maintenance. Replacing wired monitoring system with wireless ship-board sensor network would mitigate the above mentioned problems. However, current research of wireless sensor networks is based on terrestrial installation. This paper analyses the application of wireless sensor network technology on board seagoing vessels. Practical engineering solutions, including sensor types, configurations and wireless network topologies have been identified and reviewed.

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Reader Architectures for Wireless Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors

Cited by 43 publications

References 134 publications

Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators for Wireless Sensor Network Applications in the 433.92 MHz ISM Band

Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators for Wireless Sensor Network Applications in the 433.92 MHz ISM Band

Wireless Readout of Multiple SAW Temperature Sensors

Wireless Condition Monitoring of Machinery and Equipment in Maritime Industry

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