Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Protection via Cysteine Oxidation in the Epidermal Cornified Cell Envelope

Abstract

The outermost layer of our skin functions as a barrier to protect us from physical, chemical, and biological environmental insults. This protective function is mediated by the epidermal cornified cell envelope (CE) which serves both as a mechanical and permeability barrier. Recently we have discovered that the CE constitutes also a first-line antioxidant shield which relies greatly on cysteine residues in CE precursor proteins. Here we describe methods and protocols to study the cysteine-mediated antioxidant function of the CE at the level of the whole organ (the skin), individual cells (keratinocytes), or isolated proteins (SPRR family).

Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa Contributes to the Severity of Fish Diseases: A Study on Spring Viraemia of Carp

“…Our results also indicate that co-exposure with SVC may affect the level of both free MCs as well as MC-Cys conjugates, as they are systematically decreased in all time points in the combined exposure group. MCs are known as inducers of oxidative stress in the liver [ 35 ], where Cys mediates protection against reactive molecules produced by ROS [ 36 , 37 ]. The decrease in Cys conjugates in the co-exposed group (B+SVC) may reflect the enhanced need of Cys for both MC-induced detoxification processes connected with ROS production and the elimination of ROS generated from an SVC-activated immune system [ 38 ].…”