Reactivation of latent infections with migration shapes population-level disease dynamics

Becker, Daniel J.; Ketterson, Ellen D.; Hall, Richard J.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1829

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Mounting an immune response against haemosporidians can be costly, which could drive weaker parasite control during energetic trade-offs with reproductive activity [48,56]. However, our study only assessed transitions into migratory preparedness and not long-distance migration itself, which could impose stronger effects on parasite control and therefore on cycles of latency and reactivation [57,58]. Lastly, autumn increases in parasitaemia for both residents and migrants under ALAN could again signal melatonin suppression [53,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Artificial light at night amplifies seasonal relapse of haemosporidian parasites in a widespread songbird

et al. 2020

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Urban habitats can shape interactions between hosts and parasites by altering not only exposure rates but also within-host processes. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is common in urban environments, and chronic exposure can impair host immunity in ways that may increase infection. However, studies of causal links between this stressor, immunity, and infection dynamics are rare, particularly in migratory animals. Here, we experimentally tested how ALAN affects cellular immunity and haemosporidian parasite intensity across the annual cycle of migrant and resident subspecies of the dark-eyed junco ( Junco hyemalis ). We monitored an experimental group exposed to light at night and a control group under natural light/dark cycles as they passed through short days simulating early spring to longer days simulating the breeding season, followed by autumn migration. Using generalized additive mixed models, we show that ALAN increased inflammation, and leucocyte counts were greatest in early spring and autumn. At the start of the experiment, few birds had active infections based on microscopy, but PCR revealed many birds had chronic infections. ALAN increased parasitaemia across the annual cycle, with strong peaks in spring and autumn that were largely absent in control birds. As birds were kept in indoor aviaries to prevent vector exposure, this increased parasitaemia indicates relapse of chronic infection during costly life-history stages (i.e. reproduction). Although the immunological and parasitological time series were in phase for control birds, cross-correlation analyses also revealed ALAN desynchronized leucocyte profiles and parasitaemia, which could suggest a general exaggerated inflammatory response. Our study shows how a common anthropogenic influence can shape within-host processes to affect infection dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Artificial light at night amplifies seasonal relapse of haemosporidian parasites in a widespread songbird

et al. 2020

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“…Seasonal migration (e.g., birds and bats) has implications for vectoring disease across routes and creating loci of endemism for pathogens outside of usual home ranges of hosts [ 71 ]. Although migration is not shown to predict high zoonotic virus numbers, the physiological stress experienced by migrating animals can cause immunosuppression and increase their susceptibility to acquiring disease or re-emergence of latent infection [ 72 ].…”

Section: From Animals and Pathogens: What Drives The Zoonotic Potential?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The one health perspective to improve environmental surveillance of zoonotic viruses: lessons from COVID-19 and outlook beyond

Leifels

Rahman

Sam

et al. 2022

ISME Communications

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The human population has doubled in the last 50 years from about 3.7 billion to approximately 7.8 billion. With this rapid expansion, more people live in close contact with wildlife, livestock, and pets, which in turn creates increasing opportunities for zoonotic diseases to pass between animals and people. At present an estimated 75% of all emerging virus-associated infectious diseases possess a zoonotic origin, and outbreaks of Zika, Ebola and COVID-19 in the past decade showed their huge disruptive potential on the global economy. Here, we describe how One Health inspired environmental surveillance campaigns have emerged as the preferred tools to monitor human-adjacent environments for known and yet to be discovered infectious diseases, and how they can complement classical clinical diagnostics. We highlight the importance of environmental factors concerning interactions between animals, pathogens and/or humans that drive the emergence of zoonoses, and the methodologies currently proposed to monitor them—the surveillance of wastewater, for example, was identified as one of the main tools to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by public health professionals and policy makers during the COVID-19 pandemic. One-Health driven approaches that facilitate surveillance, thus harbour the potential of preparing humanity for future pandemics caused by aetiological agents with environmental reservoirs. Via the example of COVID-19 and other viral diseases, we propose that wastewater surveillance is a useful complement to clinical diagnosis as it is centralized, robust, cost-effective, and relatively easy to implement.

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“…Ecoimmunologists have worked to move away from ‘black box’ views of physiological stress and health (MacDougall‐Shackleton et al., 2019), instead trying to unpack how environmental stressors coincide with often seasonal energetically demanding activities such as reproduction or migration to drive variation in immunity and disease dynamics within populations (i.e. stress synchrony ; Becker, et al., 2020; Plowright et al., 2011). Decomposition of a mediator like ‘stress’ into its component parts in this way will often be more feasible for animal systems due to a combination of complementary perspectives from disease ecology and experimental work in captive and domestic populations.…”

Section: Synzootic Interactions and Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synzootics

Sweeny

Albery

Becker

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Epidemics rarely happen in isolation, especially in an era when new outbreaks are occurring at an accelerating pace. In medical anthropology, the term syndemics (from 'synergistic epidemics') refers to the co-occurrence of two or more infectious or non-communicable epidemics with a greater than additive total health burden shaped and sustained by disease-social interactions (Singer et al., 2017).The idea of syndemics first gained traction as researchers grappled with the ways that the HIV pandemic intersected with other health crises: the substance abuse, violence and AIDS (SAVA) syndemic was the first in a series that have been identified since the 1990s (Singer, 1994). Developed to describe psychological and social dimensions and determinants of health, the syndemics concept has gained traction within infectious disease epidemiology, particularly as the COVID-19 pandemic has collided with dozens of pre-existing morbidities and socioeconomic factors to produce more severe clin-

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Reactivation of latent infections with migration shapes population-level disease dynamics

Cited by 17 publications

References 79 publications

Artificial light at night amplifies seasonal relapse of haemosporidian parasites in a widespread songbird

Artificial light at night amplifies seasonal relapse of haemosporidian parasites in a widespread songbird

The one health perspective to improve environmental surveillance of zoonotic viruses: lessons from COVID-19 and outlook beyond

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