Reactivation of herpes simplex keratitis following vaccination for COVID-19

Richardson-May, James; Rothwell, Alice; Rashid, Mohammed

doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-245792

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Keratitis in association with vaccines appeared to be uncommon. Furthermore, three cases of herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis were reactivated after COVID-19 vaccination (2 of 3 were associated with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination, the third one was AstraZeneca) ( 15 , 16 ). A review reported 24 cases of keratitis in association with herpes zoster or varicella vaccination ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review reported 24 cases of keratitis in association with herpes zoster or varicella vaccination ( 17 ). Two possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis included molecular mimicry and autoinflammation triggering the host response and promoting the HSV replication ( 16 ). Hence, the treating physician should be mindful of such associations between vaccination and keratitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report: Associated Ocular Adverse Reactions With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in China

et al. 2022

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The vaccine is still the best clinical measure for effective prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The vaccine-associated ocular adverse reactions should be noted in detail among the medical community. We reported twelve eyes of 9 patients presented at the Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from March to August 2021 with ocular complaints following COVID-19 vaccination. The main inclusion criterion was the development of ocular symptoms within 14 days after receiving a dose of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. The mean (SD) age was 44.7 ± 16.5 years (range, 19–78 years), among which seven (77.8%) cases were women. The mean time of ocular adverse events was 7.1 days (range, 1–14 days) after receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. One patient was diagnosed with choroiditis, 1 with uveitis, 4 with keratitis, 1 with scleritis, 1 with acute retinal necrosis, and 1 with iridocyclitis. Although the causal relationship between vaccines and ocular adverse events cannot be established from this case series report, physicians should pay attention to the ocular adverse reactions following the COVID-19 vaccine administration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Associated Ocular Adverse Reactions With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in China

et al. 2022

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“…Different post vaccination side effects have been described in the recent literature and drug’s leaflet. Thrombosis of different types [ 1 , 9 , 13 , 17 , 18 ] and exacerbation of underlying herpetic disease [ 8 – 11 , 13 , 19 ] are among the most common. The same was observed in our case series.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmic manifestation after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case series

Murgova

2022

J Ophthal Inflamm Infect

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Background The aim of this report is to describe ocular side effects in patients who received one of the two COVID-19 vaccines – Astra Zeneca or Pfizer-Biontech and to contribute to the common understanding of the COVID-19 vaccination process. Results Three patients reactivated underlying herpetic disease and developed uveitis and keratitis. Two of them were vaccinated with Pfizer and one was with Astra Zeneca. Two patients were vaccinated with Pfizer-Biontech and had thrombosis on the 8th and 10th days following the day of vaccination. The man has diagnosed with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and the woman had a subarachnoid haemorrhage, ptosis of upper eyelid and deviated eyeball. Conclusion There is a causal relationship between vaccines and the underlying disease. For more details, further large studies are necessary.

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“…Before our cases, there was only one report of HSK recurrence after receiving an adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Astra-Zeneca). According to these few existing reports, ocular adverse event manifestations occurred within two weeks of COVID-19 vaccination and can appear as early as the day after vaccination [6][7][8][9]13,16]. Various types of COVID-19 vaccines such as mRNA vaccine [7], inactivated vaccine [9] and recombinant vector vaccine [16] can all be involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a temporary decrease of cell-mediated immunity during the early period post vaccination may be involved. Other proposed mechanisms include molecular mimicry and the distraction of the humoral response [16,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpetic Keratitis Preceded by COVID-19 Vaccination

Jia

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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The global Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated vaccine development at an unprecedented rate. A large population of people have received COVID-19 vaccines, while the vaccine safety data are limited. Here, we reported two cases of herpetic keratitis that occurred soon after receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Case 1 was a 60-year-old woman who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) one year ago for corneal scarring caused by herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), and case 2 was a 51-year-old man with an unremarkable medical history. Both patients developed herpetic keratitis (HSK and varicella-zoster virus corneal endotheliitis, respectively) soon after receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines (Sinovac). Herpetic keratitis was treated successfully with topical or plus oral antiviral ganciclovir. The short latency time in these two cases suggested that an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine may have a risk of triggering ocular herpes virus reactivation. Both clinicians and patients should be aware of this phenomenon. However, a causal relationship awaits confirmation.

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Reactivation of herpes simplex keratitis following vaccination for COVID-19

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

Case Report: Associated Ocular Adverse Reactions With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in China

Case Report: Associated Ocular Adverse Reactions With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in China

Ophthalmic manifestation after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case series

Herpetic Keratitis Preceded by COVID-19 Vaccination

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