Aim: To determine the success rate of initial and repeated probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in children between 2-41 months. Patients and methods: One hundred and twelve children aged 1.8 to 13 years responded to the control examination. They were diagnosed with CNLDO in the past and now included in a retrospective study. The mean follow-up period was 5.2 years (from 0.6 to 11.6 years). Patients were divided into two groups according to their age at the time of surgery: group A (2-12 months) and group B (13-41 months). Probing and irrigation of NLD was performed in the Eye Clinic in Pleven under general anesthesia in all subjects. A controlled examination was done to evaluate the effect of probing on the basis of a history of watery eyes, regurgitation test, and dye disappearance test (DTT). Results: Of the 131 eyes in 112 children, 110 eyes (84%) had one probing and 21 eyes (16%) had repeat probing. Success rate of the initial probing was 90% (99 of 110) for all patients’ eyes: 89% (70 of 79) in group A and 94% (29 of 31) in group B. The cure rate of the repeat probing was 76% (16 of 21) for all patients: 88% (7 of 8) in group A and 69% (9 of 13) in group B. The overall success rate of probing was 88% (115 of 131). Conclusion: Nasolacrimal duct probing followed by irrigation is a commonly performed, highly successful treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. The success rate for initial and repeated nasolacrimal duct probing is not affected by age.
Background The aim of this report is to describe ocular side effects in patients who received one of the two COVID-19 vaccines – Astra Zeneca or Pfizer-Biontech and to contribute to the common understanding of the COVID-19 vaccination process. Results Three patients reactivated underlying herpetic disease and developed uveitis and keratitis. Two of them were vaccinated with Pfizer and one was with Astra Zeneca. Two patients were vaccinated with Pfizer-Biontech and had thrombosis on the 8th and 10th days following the day of vaccination. The man has diagnosed with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and the woman had a subarachnoid haemorrhage, ptosis of upper eyelid and deviated eyeball. Conclusion There is a causal relationship between vaccines and the underlying disease. For more details, further large studies are necessary.
Facial skin defect reconstruction in medial-canthal area of the lids can be a challenge even when performed by a skilled surgeon. The excision of large tumors in this area leads to significant surgical defects that cannot be repaired by merely closing the wound. The glabellar area provides a source of redundant skin with similar characteristics to that of the medial-canthal lid area. The purpose show the possibility of the glabellar flap technique surgery in patients after tumor excision in the medial canthal area with the formation of a large surgical defect and especially those with defect under the medial canthal tendon. We selected 15 well-documented retrospective cases of patients operated over 2 years and followed up for a minimum of 36 months, who underwent surgery with a glabellar flap technique. Patients were operated with V-Y glabellar rotation, advancement, or combined transposition flap techniques. According to the defect’s location, we divided the patients into three groups: upper, medial, and lower surgical defects. A satisfactory functional result was obtained in all the patients. In most of them, the cosmetic results were also good. No additional surgical procedures were required in any of the patients. Our experience showed excellent results with the glabellar flap technique in all three types of lesions in the medial canthal zone—upper, medial, and especially lower which until recently was thought to be inappropriate.
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