Reactivation of a Cryptococcus gattii infection in a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) held in the National Zoo, Havana, Cuba

Illnait-Zaragozí, María Teresa; Hagen, Ferry; Fernández-Andreu, Carlos Manuel; Martínez-Machín, Gerardo; Polo-Leal, J.L.; Boekhout, Teun; Klaassen, C.H.; Meis, Jacques F.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02046.x

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Alternatively, the patient could be infected with multiple C. neoformans genotypic variants but, due to the fact that only one colony was investigated per sample, an initial mixed infection might be overlooked. This explanation has also been given for a similar observation for sequential isolates of C. neoformans from Cuban patients, where four of 19 patients were found to be probably infected by more than one C. neoformans genotypic variant but only a single colony was investigated (Illnait-Zaragozí et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…A handful of studies have been published that describe the occurrence of mixed C. neoformans infections or shifts in genotypic and antifungal susceptibility differences among sequentially isolated C. neoformans strains (Blasi et al, 2001;Casadevall et al, 1993;Desnos-Ollivier et al, 2010;Illnait-Zaragozí et al, 2010;Pfaller et al, 1998;Spitzer et al, 1993;Sullivan et al, 1996). It has been shown that genomic differences between sequential isolates of C. neoformans can influence virulence and persistence of a cryptococcal infection, as has been shown using a mouse pathogenicity model (Fries & Casadevall, 1998).…”

Section: Sequential C Neoformans Isolates From the Same Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro antifungal susceptibilities and molecular typing of sequentially isolated clinical Cryptococcus neoformans strains from Croatia

Mlinarić-Missoni¹,

Hagen

Chew³

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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A collection of 48 clinical Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Croatia was investigated retrospectively using in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing and molecular biological techniques to determine mating type and serotype by PCR and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping. These isolates were obtained from 15 patients: ten were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative (66.7 %) and five were HIV-positive (33.3 %). From five patients, only one isolate was available, whilst from the other ten patients, two to 11 isolates were isolated sequentially. Antifungal susceptibility was tested by a broth microdilution method. Serotype A (genotype AFLP1) and serotype D (genotype AFLP2) were both found in six patients (40 % each), and serotype AD (genotype AFLP3) in three (20.0 %) patients. Mating type a (n512; 80.0 %) predominated and a/a hybrids were identified in 20.0 % of patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis. Two AFLP genotypes of C. neoformans were isolated during a single episode from one patient. The in vitro antifungal MIC 90 and susceptibility ranges for C. neoformans isolates were 0.5 mg ml "1 (range 0.031-0.5 mg ml ) for flucytosine and fluconazole, 0.25 mg ml "1 (range 0.031-0.5 mg ml "1 ) for itraconazole and 0.062 mg ml "1 (range 0.031-0.25 mg ml "1 ) for voriconazole.

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confidence: 53%

Section: Sequential C Neoformans Isolates From the Same Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antifungal susceptibilities and molecular typing of sequentially isolated clinical Cryptococcus neoformans strains from Croatia

Mlinarić-Missoni¹,

Hagen

Chew³

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Because (i) up to now, there is no evidence suggesting environmental presence of C. gattii in Cuba; (ii) it has been demonstrated that the time interval between exposure to C. gattii and the development of the disease is highly variable; (iii) both cases had a history of travel to C. gattii endemic regions; and (iv) AFLP and phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain from the cheetah was genotype AFLP4, nearly identical to a strain isolated from an unknown source in Kenya, and that the human isolate was genotype AFLP5 also closely related with strains from Colombia, we suppose that both human and animal patients from Cuba, were infected outside Cuba and that they had a dormant infection at arrival to the country.…”

Section: How Does the Infection Occur?mentioning

confidence: 76%

Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis in Cuba. A minireview

Illnait-Zaragozí

Martínez-Machín

Fernández-Andreu

et al. 2014

Mycoses

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Cryptococcosis has emerged as an important public health problem in Africa, Asia and the Americas due to the increasing numbers of persons at risk of this infection and the adaptation of its aetiological agents to new environments. The proper management requires early recognition of Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complex infection, familiarity with the use and limitations of diagnostic tests and knowledge of the available treatment options. This review will address these issues with the goal of providing sufficient information to suspect, diagnose and treat patients with cryptococcosis based on Cuban data and review of the literature.

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“…C. gattii was isolated from soil, dust, and psittaciformes bird excreta [94, 103, 199], and from Eucalyptus camaldulensis , almond tree, kassod tree, pottery tree, jungle tree, Corymbia ficifolia , and Cephalocereus royenii [92, 95, 102, 205–208]. Animal infection due to C. gattii was reported in a cheetah, a goat, and some psittacine birds [11, 91, 209]. …”

Section: Combined Epidemiological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geographic distribution of the molecular types identified in Central and South America (c). Molecular typing data have been combined from the following references: Guatemala [64], Honduras [11], Cuba [89–91], Puerto Rico [92], Aruba [11, 17], Venezuela [64], Colombia [29, 64, 93–96], Perù [64], Uruguay [11, 17], Brazil [11, 17, 29, 38, 46, 64, 97–118], Argentina [15, 64, 119], and Chile [64]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Molecular Epidemiology ofCryptococcus neoformansandCryptococcus gattii: An Atlas of the Molecular Types

2013

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Cryptococcosis is a fungal disease affecting more than one million people per year worldwide. The main etiological agents of cryptococcosis are the two sibling species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii that present numerous differences in geographical distribution, ecological niches, epidemiology, pathobiology, clinical presentation and molecular characters. Genotyping of the two Cryptococcus species at subspecies level supplies relevant information to understand how this fungus has spread worldwide, the nature of its population structure, and how it evolved to be a deadly pathogen. At present, nine major molecular types have been recognized: VNI, VNII, VNB, VNIII, and VNIV among C. neoformans isolates, and VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV among C. gattii isolates. In this paper all the information available in the literature concerning the isolation of the two Cryptococcus species has been collected and analyzed on the basis of their geographical origin, source of isolation, level of identification, species, and molecular type. A detailed analysis of the geographical distribution of the major molecular types in each continent has been described and represented on thematic maps. This study represents a useful tool to start new epidemiological surveys on the basis of the present knowledge.

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Reactivation of a Cryptococcus gattii infection in a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) held in the National Zoo, Havana, Cuba

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

In vitro antifungal susceptibilities and molecular typing of sequentially isolated clinical Cryptococcus neoformans strains from Croatia

In vitro antifungal susceptibilities and molecular typing of sequentially isolated clinical Cryptococcus neoformans strains from Croatia

Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis in Cuba. A minireview

Global Molecular Epidemiology ofCryptococcus neoformansandCryptococcus gattii: An Atlas of the Molecular Types

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