Reactions of Monkeys to Experimental Respiratory Infections. VI. Spontaneous and Experimental Infections in Nutritional Deficiency States.

Saslaw, Samuel; Schwab, J. L.; Woolpert, Oram C.; Wilson, Henry E.; Doan, Charles A.

doi:10.3181/00379727-51-13988p

Cited by 13 publications

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“…The relation of nutritional deficiency to increased susceptibility to infection is a well known clinical observation, and spontaneously occurring, and experimentally induced infections in states of nutritional deficiency have been described by us and by others (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). In the observations noted here~ the rSle of optimum nutrition in resistance is apparent.…”

Section: Ri~sum~ Alqd Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The antibody response in nutritional deficiency did not differ from that observed in normal monkeys; but the leucopenia which occurred on a nutritional basis was still further accentuated following virus inoculation. It may well be responsible for the development of secondary pyogenic infections (13). A part of the deficient monkey's increased susceptibility may be due to a greater vulnerability of the affected epithelial barriers.…”

Section: Ri~sum~ Alqd Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactions of Monkeys to Experimentally Induced Influenza Virus a Infection

Saslaw

Wilson

Doan

et al. 1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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1. Macaca mulatta monkeys on a normal diet have proved resistant to intranasal but not to intratracheal inoculation of influenza virus. 2. Neutralizing antibodies appeared 8 to 10 days after inoculation with either living or heat-inactivated virus. The antibodies were noted to be still present as long as 9 months after infection with living virus. 3. A specific granulopenic leucopenia characteristically followed primary influenza virus inoculation, regardless of altered conditions of diet, exposure, and route of inoculation, but it was not observed in monkeys previously infected with the same virus, all of which invariably survived. 4. Nutritional deficiency and exposure to cold increased the susceptibility of monkeys on intranasal instillation of the virus; the leucopenia was profound and fatalities frequently occurred even though neutralizing humoral antibodies developed as promptly and in relatively the same titer as under optimum nutritional conditions.

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Section: Ri~sum~ Alqd Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Ri~sum~ Alqd Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions of Monkeys to Experimentally Induced Influenza Virus a Infection

Saslaw

Wilson

Doan

et al. 1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…As suggested in a previous paper (13) the epithelial barriers to infection may be so affected by the nutritional deficiency as to render the tissues more vulnerable to invasion by infectious agents. Previous reports from this and other laboratories (14,15) in which nutritionally deficient monkeys developed spontaneous endogenous dysentery infections, add further support to the evidence indicating a relation between intact epithelial barriers and resistance. The observation made in connection with our studies of influenza virus (13), that normal respiratory epithelium apparently offers a barrier to infection, seems to apply to streptococcal infections as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Reactions of Monkeys to Experimentally Induced Streptococcus Hemolyticus, Group C, Infection

Saslaw

Wilson

Doan

et al. 1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Attempts to utilize animals for the experimental study of hemolytic streptococcus infections v/a the natural upper respiratory route, have rarely been successful. In 1913 Wollstein and Meltzer (1) induced a lobular pneumonia in dogs following intrabronchial insufflation of 15 to 20 cc. of a streptococcus culture. Graham and Bell (2) described similar findings following intratracheal insuffiation of 2 to 5 cc. of fluid obtained from a streptococcus empyema. Introducing intratmcheally, by means of a catheter, quantities of culture varying from 0.01 to 10 cc., Gay and Rhodes (3) induced bronchopneumonia in rabbits. Stillman and Branch (4) found the mouse susceptible to intranasal inoculation with the streptococcus. Subsequent investigators have confirmed the finding that the mouse is a suitable experimental animal for this bacterium.Blake and Cecil (5) produced pneumonia following intratracheal inoculations of a hemolytic streptococcus in Macaca syrichta but no respiratory infection occurred in a monkey receiving the inoculation via the nose and throat. The experiments described here were undertaken to observe the reaction of monkeys to intranasal instillation of Streptococcus hemolyticus, group C, under differing nutritional conditions. These studies were preliminary to investigations of the combined effects of influenza virus and streptococcus infections. Materials and Methods InfectiousAgent.--Streptococcu¢ hemolyticus, group C, isolated in 1936 at University Hospital from a case of scarlet fever, was maintained by storage al~ --78°C. The inoculum was prepared as follows: Virulent streptococci, as determined by mouse inoculations, were seeded on North's chocolate gelatin agar slants and incubated at 37°C. for 18 to 24 hours. The growth on the slants was gently washed off with sterile saline and the suspension adjusted to the desired turbidity. The larger particles were allowed to settle and the supematant was

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“…In the present study, 1 of 13 monkeys died from effects related to vincristine alone with a Proteus mirabilis enteritis. Severe enteritis is not an uncommon complication in monkeys made cytopenic, as demonstrated in earlier studies from this laboratory with nutritional cytopenia (27,29), or after total body irradiation (12). It is not the purpose of this paper to discuss the toxicology and pharmacology of VCR which has been described in detail previously (10).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Vincristine Sulfate on Pseudomonas Infections in Monkeys

1972

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In rhesus monkeys, intravenous challenge with 0.6 × 10 10 to 2.2 × 10 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms caused acute illness of 4 to 5 days' duration with spontaneous recovery in 13 of 15 monkeys; blood cultures became negative 3 to 17 days after challenge. Leukocytosis was observed in all monkeys. Intravenous or intratracheal inoculation of 2.0 to 2.5 mg of vincristine sulfate was followed by leukopenia in 4 to 5 days. Intravenous inoculation of 4.2 × 10 10 to 7.8 × 10 10 pyocin type 6 Pseudomonas organisms in monkeys given vincristine sulfate 4 days previously resulted in fatal infection in 11 of 14 monkeys, whereas none of four receiving Pseudomonas alone died. These studies suggest that an antimetabolite-induced leukopenia predisposes to severe Pseudomonas sepsis and that such monkeys may serve as a biological model for study of comparative efficacy of antimicrobial agents.

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Reactions of Monkeys to Experimental Respiratory Infections. VI. Spontaneous and Experimental Infections in Nutritional Deficiency States.

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Reactions of Monkeys to Experimentally Induced Influenza Virus a Infection

Reactions of Monkeys to Experimentally Induced Influenza Virus a Infection

Reactions of Monkeys to Experimentally Induced Streptococcus Hemolyticus, Group C, Infection

Effect of Vincristine Sulfate on Pseudomonas Infections in Monkeys

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