Reactions of human endometrium to the intrauterine device

Moyer, Dean L.; Mishell, Daniel R.; Bell, James

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(70)90470-9

Cited by 46 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…No such changes have been reported in human endometrium after cu-IUCD (Moyer et al -1971;Tatum -1974). Other organs like testis, epididymis or seminal vesicle did not have even the trace of the metal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Copper Iontophoresis in Male Contraception

et al. 2009

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With the increasing population, the control of fertility is a major problem. Various contraceptive methods have been devised for control of fertility in females but limited work has been done in males. Though vasectomy has been widely publicised but due to the side effects, and problems in reversal it is popular in underdeveloped countries only (Leader et al. -1974).Various sclerosing agents have been tried in animals for control of fertility but these methods are also irreversible (Freeman and Coffee -1973;Setty et al. -1972). Intravasal devices like silk thread or copper wire have been tested in animals (Ahsan et al. -1976;Sud and Chandra -1977). The silk thread is not very effective and it is difficult to retain the copper wire in the vas deferens without complications for a longer period (Shahani et al. -1975). The aim of the present study was to deposit copper by iontophoresis technique keeping the vasal lumen patent and its contraceptive effect being achieved in rats and rabbits.Materials and Methods 28 adult male albino rats weighing over 300 gms were utilized as the test animals. They were fed on pellet diet. The animals were divided into following groups: A -Control -7 animals B -Copper ionized for 30 sec, current 1 m. amp. -7 animals C -Copper ionized for 60 sec. current 1 m. amp. -7 animals D -Copper ionized for 90 sec, current 1 m. amp. -7 animals In rabbits weighing over 1.8 kg, 7 animals were kept as control and in another batch of 7 animals, copper was ionized for 60 sec with a current of 3 m. amp. Copper ionization procedureused for this purpose. Positive electrode consisted of a pure copper wire, 0.45 mm in diameter and the negative electrode was also made of copper wire 0.7 mm diameter. Both these electrodes were sharpened at their tips to allow easy penetration into the tissues. The positive electrode was well insulated except at the tip to avoid any injury to the vasal wall when the current is passed. After mid-abdominal incision, middle segment of vas deferens was picked up. Two clamps were applied lightly, leaving approximately half cm. of vas deferens in between the clamps and 0.01 ml of 0.1% copper sulphate was injected into the vasal loop and through the same opening, the positive electrode was passed, takmg care that the portion of the electrode touching the wall is insulated. The negative electrode Ionization apparatus described in detail in our previous study (Riar et al. -1981) was

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…However, studies on long term effects of copper in this direction are in hand. No such changes have been reported in human endometrium after cu-IUCD (Moyer et al -1971;Tatum -1974). The condition of vasal spermatozoa was normal when sampled from the vasal segment near testis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Copper Iontophoresis in Male Contraception

et al. 2009

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“…It has been shown that polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear cells are present more frequently and in increased numbers in uterine flushings of animals with IUDs. The total protein reducing sugar and hemoglobinase values are also higher (10,11,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fracture and chemical compositon of the deposit formed on the lippes loop after prolonged use

Biale

Lazer

Ben-Aderet

1978

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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In order to confirm or refute the theory that there is the need to replace IUD's every few years due to their breaking, 26 Lippes Loops were tested. The sediment found on the devices was composed mainly of calcium carbonate. After removal of the sedimentation, it was seen that there was some corrosion of the body of the devices which caused a decrease in the IUD thickness. Pressure tests showed that an IUD which has been in use for a long period of time is more rigid, has less ability to deform and breaks under less pressure. It seems that the current medical opinion stating that IUD's should be replaced every few years, is valid.

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“…One of the modes of action of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) in animals, as in women, is to produce an inflammatory reaction involving leucocytic infiltration (Greenwald, 1965;Parr, 1969Parr, , 1970Moyer & Mishell, 1971). Leucocytes (principdly neutrophilic granulocytes) are present on the surface of IUDs removed from the uterus of women (Sagiroglu & Sagiroglu, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The action of anti-inflammatory drugs on the fertility of female rats with intrauterine contraceptive devices

Testart¹,

Gauthier²

1981

Reproduction

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A silk thread (0-0) or a copper wire (0.18 mm diameter) was placed in the left uterine horn of rats, at least 3 days before fertilization. The animals were untreated or given daily injections of 3 mgh hydrocortisone or 30 mg aspirin beginning the day after insertion of the IUD; 2 weeks after coitus, the animals were killed. A longitudinal (less than or equal to 10 mm) silk thread and the copper wire were effective IUDs regardless of treatment. With the short silk thread (less than or equal to 2 mm), implantation occurred in all groups of rats but a high failure rate was observed in hydrocortisone-treated rats (5/9 with implantations). The no. of implantations/no. of corpora lutea (x 100) was much higher (20.4%) in rats treated with aspirin and hydrocortisone than in untreated animals (3.2%) (P less than 0.01). We conclude that the effectiveness of an IUD can be altered by treatment with an anti-inflammatory substance.

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Reactions of human endometrium to the intrauterine device

Cited by 46 publications

References 8 publications

Copper Iontophoresis in Male Contraception

Copper Iontophoresis in Male Contraception

Fracture and chemical compositon of the deposit formed on the lippes loop after prolonged use

The action of anti-inflammatory drugs on the fertility of female rats with intrauterine contraceptive devices

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