Reaction with Fructose Detoxifies Fumonisin B₁ while Stimulating Liver-Associated Natural Killer Cell Activity in Rats

Abstract

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was reacted with fructose in an attempt to detoxify this mycotoxin. Fischer 344/N rats were initiated with diethylnitrosamine (15 mg/kg body weight) and then fed 69.3 μmol FB1/kg diet or 69.3 μmol FB1 reacted with fructose (FB1−fructose)/kg diet for 4 weeks. In comparison with the rats fed basal diet or FB1−fructose, the FB1-fed rats had significantly increased plasma cholesterol (P < 0.01), plasma alanine aminotransferase activity (P < 0.05), and endogenous hepatic prostaglandin production (P < 0.05). Placental glutathione S-transferase-positive and γ-glutamyl transferase-positive altered hepatic foci occurred only in the FB1-fed rats. Liver-associated natural killer (NK) cell activity was significantly decreased in the FB1-fed rats and increased in the group fed FB1-fructose, as compared with the basal group (P < 0.03). Therefore, modifying FB1 with fructose seems to prevent FB1-induced hepatotoxicity and promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis while stimulating liver-associated NK cell activity in rats. Fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) was reacted with fructose in an attempt to detoxify this mycotoxin. Fischer 344/N rats were initiated with diethylnitrosamine (15 mg/kg body weight) and then fed 69.3 µmol FB 1 /kg diet or 69.3 µmol FB 1 reacted with fructose (FB 1 -fructose)/kg diet for 4 weeks. In comparison with the rats fed basal diet or FB 1 -fructose, the FB 1 -fed rats had significantly increased plasma cholesterol (P < 0.01), plasma alanine aminotransferase activity (P < 0.05), and endogenous hepatic prostaglandin production (P < 0.05). Placental glutathione S-transferase-positive and γ-glutamyl transferase-positive altered hepatic foci occurred only in the FB 1 -fed rats. Liver-associated natural killer (NK) cell activity was significantly decreased in the FB 1 -fed rats and increased in the group fed FB 1 -fructose, as compared with the basal group (P < 0.03). Therefore, modifying FB 1 with fructose seems to prevent FB 1 -induced hepatotoxicity and promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis while stimulating liver-associated NK cell activity in rats.

Reaction of Fumonisin with Glucose Prevents Promotion of Hepatocarcinogenesis in Female F344/N Rats while Maintaining Normal Hepatic Sphinganine/Sphingosine Ratios

“…DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that subjecting FB 1 to a nonenzymatic browning reaction with glucose avoided FB 1 toxicity as reflected in plasma total cholesterol concentration, ALT activity, development of GGT-and PGST-positive AHF, concentration of endogenous hepatic PGE 2 , accumulation of Sa, or the Sa/So ratio. These results agreed with the findings of Lu et al (13) in which FB 1 was detoxified by reaction with fructose. Because the FB 1 -fructose and FB 1 -glucose products are likely to be similar, both reactions probably had similar detoxification effects.…”

“…Greater hepatic prostaglandin F 2R production was also observed in FB 1 tumor promotion in rat liver (13). In vivo administration of 50 ppm of FB 1 significantly suppressed hepatic natural killer (NK) cell activity while stimulating hepatic preneoplasia (13). NK cell activity suppression by FB 1 during tumor promotion may be mechanistically significant, but this remains to be determined.…”

Fumonisins in Maize: Can We Reduce Their Occurrence?

“…Lu et al (28) reported that treatment of FB 1 with fructose under these conditions resulted in a significant reduction in detectable FB 1 . More importantly, when a diet containing the product of the FB 1 -fructose reaction was fed to rats, it was not toxic and did not result in cancer initiation (28). Another reaction that has been investigated is the treatment of maize with a combination of H 2 O 2 and NaHCO 3 .…”

Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Trichotecenes, Patulin, Fumonisins and Beauvericin in Finished Products for Human Consumption

“…AFs levels can be reduced by up to 92% during the preparation of the Mexican drink "atole" by heating at 94°C for 10 minutes and then drying at 40°C for 48 hours. In the production of corn flakes the AFs level is reduced by heating up to 64%, while after roasting, both with and without added sugar, the reduction is 78-85%, respectively [27]. Extrusion is a process frequently used to produce breakfast cereals and snacks: in this case temperature higher than 150°C can reduce AFB1 contamination of 50-80%, while the addition of 0.7% ammonia, 1% hydroxide or 0.4% bicarbonate allows to reach a reduction up to 95% [28].…”

“…The extrusion grits cooking caused significant reduction of FB1 in all treatments if compared with the not extruded used as control. The use of glucose resulted in a greater reduction (44.8-66.6%) compared to fructose (32.4-52.2%) or sucrose (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42).7%) use.…”