Reaction kinetics for hindered amine/epoxides by DSC

Duffy, James V.; Hui, Eric Ka-Wai; Hartmann, Bruce

doi:10.1002/app.1987.070330828

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…They proposed that polyamide has a relatively better affinity for the silicate surface than the alkyl part of the organoclay. Thus, minimizing the number of alkyl tails maximizes the platelet dispersion in this polar polymer 33. The XRD and TEM data in our study lead to similar conclusions for the binary and ternary nanocomposites.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In addition, unless there is a large affinity between the matrix and organoclay, some organoclay particles might be located at the interphase, resulting in an increase in the domain size. Polyamide‐6 has reactive functionality through amine and carboxyl end groups that are capable of reacting with the epoxy group of the elastomer 33–36. The epoxide group can also undergo ring‐opening polymerization in the presence of acid, amine, and hydroxyl end groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Addition Order of the Components on Polyamide‐6/Organoclay/Elastomer Ternary Nanocomposites

Isik-Gulsac¹,

Yilmazer²,

Bayram³

2012

Adv Polym Technol

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ABSTRACT:The effects of addition order of the components for ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate (E-GMA) copolymers and two types of organoclays (Cloisite ® 15A and Cloisite ® 30B) on morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide-6/elastomer/organoclay ternary nanocomposites were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, melt flow index (MFI) measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile and impact tests. Four different addition orders (All-S, PI-C, PC-I, and IC-P) were applied through melt blending in a twin-screw extruder. All-S indicates that the elastomer, the organoclay, and polyamide-6 were compounded in the extruder simultaneously, and the resulting compound was extruded once more. The other symbols represent the components for the two extrusions. P, I, and C stand for polyamide-6, elastomer, and organoclay, respectively. The first two ingredients were compounded in the first extrusion, and the resulting compound was mixed with the third component in the second extrusion run. For polyamide-6/ EFFECTS OF ADDITION ORDER IN POLYAMIDE-6 TERNARY NANOCOMPOSITESCloisite ® 15A/E-GMA nanocomposites processed by PI-C and IC-P addition orders, stacked silicate layers were observed in the TEM micrographs. On the contrary, the nanocomposites with Cloisite ® 30B gave the best result in terms of intercalation/exfoliation in the IC-P sequence. Generally, for Cloisite ® 15A containing ternary nanocomposites, the All-S addition order gave the highest impact strength, tensile strength, and Young's modulus owing to potential interactions between the functional groups of the three components. For polyamide-6/Cloisite ® 30B/E-GMA ternary nanocomposites, the PC-I mixing sequence produced the highest Young's modulus. For these nanocomposites, impact and tensile strengths and elongation at break were relatively insensitive to the mixing order. C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 00: 1-17, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Addition Order of the Components on Polyamide‐6/Organoclay/Elastomer Ternary Nanocomposites

Isik-Gulsac¹,

Yilmazer²,

Bayram³

2012

Adv Polym Technol

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“…It is believed that there are strong interactions or some reactions between the modified silica particles and PEGMA. Many studies demonstrate that amine groups are capable of reacting with epoxy groups, as shown in the following scheme: [20][21][22][23][24] …”

Section: Dispersion Of Nano-silica In Pegmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal Crystallization of Poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate)/Silica Nanocomposites

Huang

Kang²,

Chen

2005

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane was used to modify nano-size silica particles (A-Silica), and silanation was studied by 29 Si and 13 C CP MAS NMR. 3 wt % original silica (Silica) and modified silica (A-Silica) particles were blended with poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl mathacrylate) (PEGMA) in a twin screw extruder. The dispersibility of these nanocomposites was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The equilibrium melting temperature was estimated by linear and nonlinear Hoffman-Weeks relations, and the kinetics of isothermal crystallization were described by Avrami, Tobin, Malkin, and Urbanovici-Segal models. The results showed that PEGMA containing the modified nano-silica gave the highest equilibrium melting temperature and slowest isothermal crystallization rate. The above four kinetic models predicted the same ranking order in crystallization rate: PEGMA > PEGMA/Silica > PEGMA/A-Silica.

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“…Amine structure also plays a factor in the overall reactivity of the primary and secondary amines. Reactivity is a function of steric factors 6,7 and amine basicity. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Amine reaction mechanisms using tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) are also established in literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reactivity is a function of steric factors 6,7 and amine basicity. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Amine reaction mechanisms using tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) are also established in literature. 6,[14][15][16] TGDDM reactions demonstrate that epoxide type also influences kinetics and deviates from diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) resins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Edwards

Striemer

Webster

2005

J Coat. Technol. Res.

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Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group.T hermosetting epoxy and polyurethane polymer systems are widely used in many applications, including protective coatings, composite materials, and adhesives. These systems involve the reaction of functional polymers or oligomers with other materials containing mutually reactive groups. The composition of the reactants used determines the final properties of the thermoset coatings. Epoxy coatings generally exhibit good corrosion performance while polyurethane systems result in coatings having good toughness, abrasion resistance, and durability. Glycidyl carbamate chemistry has the potential of combining epoxy and polyurethane technology into a single system and has been shown to improve toughness in epoxy-amine systems. 1Reactions of amine with oxirane will occur at different rates depending on reactivity of the active amine hydrogen 2 and stoichiometric concentration of the amine relative to oxirane. 3,4 Amines used with epoxy resins are primary, secondary, or tertiary amines. Tertiary amines can, in turn, catalyze epoxide homopolymerization 5 (etherification). Amine structure also plays a factor in the overall reactivity of the primary and secondary amines. Reactivity is a function of steric factors 6,7 and amine basicity. 7-13 Amine reaction mechanisms using tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) are also established in literature. 6,14-16 TGDDM reactions demonstrate that epoxide type also influences kinetics and deviates from diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) resins. 4,6 In this study, we will examine the crosslinking of trifunctional glycidyl carbamate resins with several amines.The glycidyl carbamate (GC) group is readily synthesized from the reaction of an isocyanate with glycidol 17 ( Figure 1). Two types of intermolecular reactions are possible with the glycidyl carbamate group. The first is the reaction of the oxirane with the amine and the second is the selfcrosslinking reaction. We have seen from earlier work that the self-crosslinking reaction in the absence of amine forms a thermoset coating with an excellent combination of properties. 18 In the presence of amine ...

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Reaction kinetics for hindered amine/epoxides by DSC

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Addition Order of the Components on Polyamide‐6/Organoclay/Elastomer Ternary Nanocomposites

Effects of Addition Order of the Components on Polyamide‐6/Organoclay/Elastomer Ternary Nanocomposites

Isothermal Crystallization of Poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate)/Silica Nanocomposites

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

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