Abstract:Reação de genótipos de nectarina (Prunus persicavaABSTRACT -Genetic resistance to disease can be seen as progress in the production of all crops, and sources of resistance have to be reported, thus helping improvement programs. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of nectarine genotypes to leaf rust and shot hole, as well as to correlate the severity of the diseases with premature defoliation. Three genotypes of the nectarine were evaluated in a randomized block design with ten replications. Based on th… Show more
Shot-hole caused by Stigmina carpophila , is an important disease of stone fruit trees worldwide including Iran. The pathogen produces sporodochia bearing sympodial conidiophores, bearing conidia which have often 3-5 cells. Pathogen has wide host range and can infect almost all species of the genus Prunus. The pathogen overwinters as mycelium in twig cankers and blighted buds or in it is associated with dormant buds. Temperature and duration of wetness are important factors on disease incidence and its severity. The pathogen penetrates the plant indirectly through stomata or directly with its appressoria. Because of the importance of shot hole disease in Iran, symptoms, morphological characteristics of the pathogen, epidemiological factors and methods of disease management are discussed in this review.
Shot-hole caused by Stigmina carpophila , is an important disease of stone fruit trees worldwide including Iran. The pathogen produces sporodochia bearing sympodial conidiophores, bearing conidia which have often 3-5 cells. Pathogen has wide host range and can infect almost all species of the genus Prunus. The pathogen overwinters as mycelium in twig cankers and blighted buds or in it is associated with dormant buds. Temperature and duration of wetness are important factors on disease incidence and its severity. The pathogen penetrates the plant indirectly through stomata or directly with its appressoria. Because of the importance of shot hole disease in Iran, symptoms, morphological characteristics of the pathogen, epidemiological factors and methods of disease management are discussed in this review.
Shot hole disease (SHD) can cause severe epidemics in plum orchards, depending on cultivar susceptibility and training system; however, the combined effect on the progress of temporal disease and on the possible reduction in SHD in the disease management was not investigated. The aim of this 3-year study was (i) to monitor and analyze the temporal dynamics of SHD progress under four training systems (4 × 1.5, 4 × 2, 5 × 2.5 and 6 × 3 m) and on four plum cultivars (‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Bluefre’, ‘Stanley’ and ‘President’) in an integrated plum orchard; (ii) to identify those time periods when training system and cultivar combinations can reduce the disease development. Both SHD incidences and the area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) were significantly affected by the training system, cultivar and year. Plum cultivars with high or mid–high susceptibility to SHD showed continuous SHD development from May to November, while cultivars with low susceptibility to SHD showed no symptoms until mid-summer and then progressed slowly until November. High (4 × 1.5 m) vs. low (6 × 3 m) density training systems reduced SHD incidence and AUDPC consistently for three cultivars (‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Stanley’ and ‘President’) in September, October and November, compared to the high-density training system. Only cv. ‘Bluefre’ showed no effect either on disease incidence or AUDPC, due to very high disease incidences in all training systems from September to November. In conclusions, combinations of training system and cultivar can significantly reduce SHD incidence, which may be successfully used as a part of the integrated pest management approach during the establishment new plantations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.