Re-evaluation of the nor mutation and the role of the NAC-NOR transcription factor in tomato fruit ripening

Gao, Ying; Wei, Wei; Fan, Zhengqiu; Zhao, Xiaodan; Zhang, Yiping; Yuan, Junfa; Zhu, Beiwei; Zhu, Hongliang; Shan, Wei; Chen, Jian-Ye; Grierson, Donald; Luo, Yunbo; Jemrić, Tomislav; Jiang, Cai‐Zhong; Fu, Daqi

doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa131

Cited by 143 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…NAC domain TFs were enriched among the TFs that targeted the genes whose respective proteins were more abundant in mature compared to ripe fruit. Several NAC TFs have been reported to be involved in regulating tomato [ 107 ], melon [ 95 ] and papaya [ 100 ] fruit ripening, indicating that NAC TFs role in fruit ripening is evolutionarily conserved [ 108 ]. In peach, both ACS and ACO genes, involved in ethylene biosynthesis, display NAC transcription factor binding motifs, and several NAC TFs and key fruit ripening genes display a ripening-specific expression pattern [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shotgun proteomics of peach fruit reveals major metabolic pathways associated to ripening

et al. 2021

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Background Fruit ripening in Prunus persica melting varieties involves several physiological changes that have a direct impact on the fruit organoleptic quality and storage potential. By studying the proteomic differences between the mesocarp of mature and ripe fruit, it would be possible to highlight critical molecular processes involved in the fruit ripening. Results To accomplish this goal, the proteome from mature and ripe fruit was assessed from the variety O’Henry through shotgun proteomics using 1D-gel (PAGE-SDS) as fractionation method followed by LC/MS-MS analysis. Data from the 131,435 spectra could be matched to 2740 proteins, using the peach genome reference v1. After data pre-treatment, 1663 proteins could be used for comparison with datasets assessed using transcriptomic approaches and for quantitative protein accumulation analysis. Close to 26% of the genes that code for the proteins assessed displayed higher expression at ripe fruit compared to other fruit developmental stages, based on published transcriptomic data. Differential accumulation analysis between mature and ripe fruit revealed that 15% of the proteins identified were modulated by the ripening process, with glycogen and isocitrate metabolism, and protein localization overrepresented in mature fruit, as well as cell wall modification in ripe fruit. Potential biomarkers for the ripening process, due to their differential accumulation and gene expression pattern, included a pectin methylesterase inhibitor, a gibbellerin 2-beta-dioxygenase, an omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, a homeobox-leucine zipper protein and an ACC oxidase. Transcription factors enriched in NAC and Myb protein domains would target preferentially the genes encoding proteins more abundant in mature and ripe fruit, respectively. Conclusions Shotgun proteomics is an unbiased approach to get deeper into the proteome allowing to detect differences in protein abundance between samples. This technique provided a resolution so that individual gene products could be identified. Many proteins likely involved in cell wall and sugar metabolism, aroma and color, change their abundance during the transition from mature to ripe fruit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shotgun proteomics of peach fruit reveals major metabolic pathways associated to ripening

et al. 2021

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“…NOR encodes an NAC transcription factor that influences many more genes than RIN during fruit ripening 14 . However, unlike the natural mutant, a recent study showed that the ripening progress of knock-out mutants produced by CRISPR/Cas9 was only partly affected 15 , 16 . Formation of the Cnr mutant was caused by the increased cytosine methylation level in the promoter region of the LeSPL-CNR gene, and the epigenetic change led to a severe nonripening phenotype 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SlGRAS4 accelerates fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes and SlMADS1 in tomato

Liu

Shi

et al. 2021

Hortic Res

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GRAS proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. However, their involvement in the ripening of economically important fruits and their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SlGRAS4, encoding a transcription factor of the GRAS family, was induced by the tomato ripening process and regulated by ethylene. Overexpression of SlGRAS4 accelerated fruit ripening, increased the total carotenoid content and increased PSY1 expression in SlGRAS4-OE fruit compared to wild-type fruit. The expression levels of key ethylene biosynthesis genes (SlACS2, SlACS4, SlACO1, and SlACO3) and crucial ripening regulators (RIN and NOR) were increased in SlGRAS4-OE fruit. The negative regulator of tomato fruit ripening, SlMADS1, was repressed in OE fruit. Exogenous ethylene and 1-MCP treatment revealed that more endogenous ethylene was derived in SlGRAS4-OE fruit. More obvious phenotypes were observed in OE seedlings after ACC treatment. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that SlGRAS4 can directly bind SlACO1 and SlACO3 promoters to activate their transcription, and SlGRAS4 can also directly repress SlMADS1 expression. Our study identified that SlGRAS4 acts as a new regulator of fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes in a direct manner. This provides new knowledge of GRAS transcription factors involved in regulating fruit ripening.

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“…Apart from these three commercial types, a fourth, less-studied group of tomatoes comprises Mediterranean long-shelf-life landraces [21], which are characterized by their ability to keep for up to 6 months without refrigeration, small fruit (<80 g) [22][23][24], and specific culinary usages [21,25]. The alcobaça (alc) mutation [25][26][27] in the nac.nor gene [28] has been identified as the genetic factor that confers long shelf-life in some accessions of the Penjar [25] and Ramellet varieties [23], and is also likely responsible for long shelf-life in the da Serbo variety [29]. Penjar and Ramellet show important similarities in fruit and plant traits [23,25,30] and postharvest behavior [22,31,32]; although these varieties share the same market (NE Spain) and culinary uses (mainly for sauces and "pa amb tomàquet" (bread with tomato), for which the fruit is halved and rubbed into the surface of sliced bread, and then dressed with olive oil and salt), they seem to have distinct genetic identities [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Transfer of Tomato Landraces to Modern Cropping Systems: The Effects of Environmental Conditions and Management Practices on Long-Shelf-Life Tomatoes

Casals¹,

Martí²,

Rull³

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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The individual effects of biotic and abiotic factors on tomatoes have been widely reported. However, under commercial conditions, multiple interactions between factors occur, masking or even changing the direction of their effects in some cases. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of preharvest factors affecting yield, quality (soluble solids content, fruit color, and firmness), and shelf-life of long-shelf-life Mediterranean varieties of tomatoes. We studied five long-shelf-life genotypes under 16 growing environments, including tunnel and open-air systems and suboptimal to excessive fertigation (22–142% crop evapotranspiration). The results enabled us to classify traits into three groups according to the importance of the contributions of different types of factors: mainly genotype (ripening earliness and firmness), genotype plus environment (yield, fruit weight, water-use efficiency (WUE)), or genotype plus environment plus the interaction between genotype and environment (cracking, soluble solids content, and shelf-life). Under similar management practices, open-air conditions optimized yields, and high fertigation doses improved yield and marketability (firmness), but reduced quality (redness and soluble solids content). WUE was maximized under low-input cropping systems (comparable to traditional agrosystems), and the balance between WUE and yield was optimized when fertigation was adjusted to the requirements of the crop. Shelf-life was negatively correlated with high-yielding environments, and day–night amplitude in relative humidity was strongly correlated with the incidence of fruit cracking. The present study sheds light on the contributions of environment and management practices on tomato yield and quality, and provides a basis on which to select better management practices for the novel commercial group of European long-shelf-life tomato landraces.

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Re-evaluation of the nor mutation and the role of the NAC-NOR transcription factor in tomato fruit ripening

Cited by 143 publications

References 61 publications

Shotgun proteomics of peach fruit reveals major metabolic pathways associated to ripening

Shotgun proteomics of peach fruit reveals major metabolic pathways associated to ripening

SlGRAS4 accelerates fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes and SlMADS1 in tomato

Sustainable Transfer of Tomato Landraces to Modern Cropping Systems: The Effects of Environmental Conditions and Management Practices on Long-Shelf-Life Tomatoes

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