Re‐evaluation of stannous chloride (E 512) as food additive

Younes, Maged; Aggett, Peter; Aguilar, Fernando; Crebelli, Riccardo; Dusemund, Birgit; Filipič, Metka; Frutos, María José; Galtier, Pierre; Gott, David Michael; Gundert‐Remy, Ursula; Kuhnle, Gunter Georg; Lambré, Claude; Leblanc, Jean‐Charles; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Moldéus, Peter; Mortensen, Alicja; Oskarsson, Agneta; Stanković, Ivan; Waalkens‐Berendsen, Ine; Wright, Matthew; Domenico, Alessandro Di; Loveren, Henk Van; Giarola, Alessandra; Horváth, Zsuzsanna; Lodi, Federica; Riolo, Francesca; Woutersen, Rudolf Antonius

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5295

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Sn in the form of stannous (Sn II) chloride can also be used as a food additive (E 512) for stabilizing the color of some bottled or lacquered canned vegetables. Hence, dietary exposure to this compound has also been related to consumption of a few canned products, although no safety concern has been identified when used at authorized use levels [ 57 ]. On the other hand, the consumption of fish and seafood, especially when originating from highly contaminated areas, has been reported as the main route of exposure to organotin compounds [ 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Ghidini

Varrà

Husáková

et al. 2022

Foods

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Muscle and liver tissues from Italian heavy pigs were analyzed to investigate whether the chronic consumption of these products by local consumers could represent a health risk in relation to the contamination by some toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs). The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, U, and Zn were measured with an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer, while Hg analysis was performed by using a mercury analyzer. Fe, Zn, and Cu were the most abundant elements in both tissues, while U was detected only at ultra-trace levels. As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, U, and Zn showed significantly higher concentrations in livers compared to muscles (p ≤ 0.01), with Cd and Cu being 60- and 9-fold more concentrated in the hepatic tissue. Despite this, concentrations of all TMMs were found to be very low in all the samples to the point that the resulting estimated dietary intakes did not suggest any food safety concern. Indeed, intakes were all below the toxicological health-based guidance values or resulted in low margins of exposure. Nevertheless, in the calculation of the worst-case exposure scenario, the children’s estimated intake of Cd, Fe, and Zn through the sole consumption of pig liver contributed to more than 23, 38, and 39% of the tolerable weekly intakes of these elements, while the combined consumption of pig liver and pig muscle to more than 24, 46, and 76%. These findings alert about the probability of exceeding the toxicological guidance values of Cd, Fe, and Zn though the whole diet, suggesting long-term negative health effects for the younger population.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Ghidini

Varrà

Husáková

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Ferrocyanide is commonly used as a food additive, and it is a well-established component of posolyte solutions in redox flow batteries. [24][25][26][27]…”

Section: Redox Flow Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Flow Iontophoresis for Continuous Drug Delivery

Naegele,

Gurke,

Rognin

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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Drug delivery into the brain and spinal cord is fundamentally limited by the blood‐brain barrier which impedes the use of the vast majority of drugs. Implants based on iontophoresis use an applied voltage to deliver charged drug molecules, allowing solvent‐free delivery directly into the site of interest and overcoming issues associated with systemic exposure to the drug. However, during continuous delivery over long periods, electrochemical reactions occur at the electrodes leading to corrosive gas formation. Here, the concept of redox flow iontophoresis is presented, where a redox mediator solution is used to control electrode reactions and sustain continuous delivery for theoretically unlimited duration. As a proof‐of‐concept, a redox flow iontophoresis‐based brain implant that can continuously deliver the cancer drug doxorubicin at stable rates exceeding 2 nmol min−1 is demonstrated. This new concept enables the continuous delivery of various potent drugs into the brain and spinal cord and therefore has the potential to improve treatment options for various diseases.

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Re‐evaluation of stannous chloride (E 512) as food additive

Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Redox Flow Iontophoresis for Continuous Drug Delivery

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