“…Since neuropsychiatric disorders can be highly heterogeneous in their causes and symptoms, neuropsychiatry requires basic research to provide greater insight into the formation of the disease in order to develop more objective diagnostic procedures in humans ( López-León et al, 2008 ; Bosker et al, 2011 ; Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, 2013 ; Wray et al, 2018 ). Animal models are unlikely to ever mirror the full extent of human neuropsychiatric disorders, and even those symptoms that can be ascertained with some confidence might not have a direct equivalence with human symptoms ( Nestler and Hyman, 2010 ; Italia et al, 2020 ). Instead of serving as defining features of the disease, symptoms can better serve as an identifying principle for genomic and molecular studies ( Manchia et al, 2013 ; Gade et al, 2015 ; Ohi et al, 2015 ; Papassotiropoulos and de Quervain, 2015 ).…”