Encore: Behavioural animal models of stress, depression and mood disorders

Petković, Aleksa; Chaudhury, Dipesh

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.931964

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 541 publications

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“…120 Interestingly, there are animal models that study, for example, chronic stress corresponding to a human being's daily unpleasant situations at work or an abusive job or prolonged disturbances in daily life. 114 It is important to highlight that there are HMs used in clinical practice for the consequences of different daily life stressors, some of them suffered for long periods of time ( Natrum muriaticum for example). 63 The Homeopathic Repertory includes a specific rubric named “ailments from…” (admonition; violence; accusations; lack of affection; deceived friendship; disappointed love; anxiety; not being appreciated; anticipation; punishment; anger; indignation; overwork; and so on).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Why Homeopathic Medicines are Used for Menopause: Searching for Insights into Neuroendocrine Features

Macías-Cortés

2023

Homeopathy

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Background Menopause is a physiological event that marks the end of a woman's reproductive stage in life. Vasomotor symptoms and changes in mood are among its most important effects. Homeopathy has been used for many years in treating menopausal complaints, though clinical and pre-clinical research in this field is limited. Homeopathy often bases its prescription on neuropsychiatric symptoms, but it is unknown if homeopathic medicines (HMs) exert a neuroendocrine effect that causes an improvement in vasomotor symptoms and mood during menopause. Objectives The study's objectives were to address the pathophysiological changes of menopause that could help in the understanding of the possible effect of HMs at a neuroendocrine level, to review the current evidence for two of the most frequently prescribed HMs for menopause (Lachesis mutus and Sepia officinalis), and to discuss the future directions of research in this field. Methods An extensive literature search for the pathophysiologic events of menopause and depression, as well as for the current evidence for HMs in menopause and depression, was performed. Results Neuroendocrine changes are involved in the pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms and changes in mood during menopause. Gonadal hormones modulate neurotransmitter systems. Both play a role in mood disorders and temperature regulation. It has been demonstrated that Gelsemium sempervirens, Ignatia amara and Chamomilla matricaria exert anxiolytic effects in rodent models. Lachesis mutus and Sepia officinalis are frequently prescribed for important neuropsychiatric and vasomotor symptoms. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in mood, is among the constituents of the ink of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. Conclusion Based on all the pathophysiologic events of menopause and the improvement in menopausal complaints that certain HMs show in daily practice, these medicines might have a direct or indirect neuroendocrine effect in the body, possibly triggered via an as-yet unidentified biological mechanism. Many unanswered questions in this field require further pre-clinical and clinical research.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Why Homeopathic Medicines are Used for Menopause: Searching for Insights into Neuroendocrine Features

Macías-Cortés

2023

Homeopathy

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“…In this context, preclinical research is essential for connecting theoretical knowledge with clinical data by exploring various paradigms, such as genetic models, acute/chronic stress models, brain neurotransmitters/specific brain injury models, and models induced by pharmacological interventions [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Although none of these models completely reproduce human MDD (i.e., face validity, construct validity, and predictive validity are still far from being perfect), they are considered relevant because of their capacity to mimic certain features of this pathological condition and thus allowing for the systematic investigation of etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of depression [ 36 , 39 ]. For example, the antidepressant effects of kynurenic acid, an L-tryptophan metabolite with neuromodulatory activities, have been explored in preclinical studies [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, this study showed that the antidepressant effects of kynurenic acid are modeled by this pathway’s interactions with GABA-ergic (through GABA-A receptors), dopaminergic (i.e., D2, D3, and D4 receptors), and serotonergic (i.e., 5-HT2 receptors) neurotransmission [ 40 ]. The stress vulnerability model has been proven useful in separating depressive-like and anxious-like phenotypes during benzodiazepine administration in mice; this model has further supported the utility of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in developing neural and behavioral plasticity and the effects of antidepressants [ 39 , 41 ]. The chronic unpredictable mild stress model is another robust tool for the pharmacological research of MDD, and various antidepressants have been explored using this paradigm; for example, antidepressant-induced reduction in hippocampal cytogenesis has been correlated with symptoms amelioration in a study investigating the effects of escitalopram in rats with this chronic stress model [ 39 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of Toludesvenlafaxine for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder—A Narrative Review

Vasiliu¹

2023

Pharmaceuticals

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The estimated rate of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) remains higher than 30%, even after the discovery of multiple classes of antidepressants in the last 7 decades. Toludesvenlafaxine (ansofaxine, LY03005, or LPM570065) is a first-in-class triple monoaminergic reuptake inhibitor (TRI) that has reached clinical use. The objective of this narrative review was to summarize clinical and preclinical evidence about the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of toludesvenlafaxine. Based on the results of 17 reports retrieved in the literature, the safety and tolerability profiles of toludesvenlafaxine were good in all clinical trials, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were well described in the phase 1 trials. The efficacy of toludesvenlafaxine was demonstrated in one phase 2 and one phase 3 trial, both on primary and secondary outcomes. In conclusion, this review highlights the favorable clinical results of toludesvenlafaxine in only two short-term trials that enrolled patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (efficacy and tolerability were good for up to eight weeks), indicating the need for more good quality, larger-sample, and longer-term trials. Exploring new antidepressants, such as TRI, can be considered a priority for clinical research due to the high rates of TRD, but also due to the significant percentages of relapse in patients with MDD.

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“…Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) is a robust and widely used chronic stress model that induces depression-like and PTSD-like symptoms in a subset of exposed rodents (46,47). Experimental mice exhibiting social avoidance are deemed “stress-susceptible”, while those that do not are “stress-resilient” (48).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) is a robust and widely used chronic stress model that induces depression-like and PTSD-like symptoms in a subset of exposed rodents (46,47).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nighttime-specific gene expression changes in suprachiasmatic nucleus and habenula are associated with resiliency to chronic social stress

Narain,

Petković,

Šušić

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Mood disorder is bidirectionally associated with the dysregulation of circadian rhythms and sleep/wake cycle. However, the molecular mechanisms that link these processes remain largely unclear. The habenula (Hb) is a key brain region involved in mood regulation and depression, while the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the body's central clock. We investigated the effects of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) on gene expression in the Hb and SCN of stress-resilient and susceptible mice. Bulk RNA-seq analysis was conducted across four timepoints throughout the day, including the middle of the inactive (daytime) and active (nighttime) phases as well as during the transition periods. Differential expression analysis revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes and strong pathway activation in the resilient mice at ZT16 in both the Hb and SCN. This effect was timepoint and phenotype-specific. Our results reinforce the functional link between diurnal expression patterns and differential responses to stress. Specifically, we show potentially novel molecular mechanisms at night in the Hb and SCN that are associated with resilience to stress.

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Encore: Behavioural animal models of stress, depression and mood disorders

Cited by 26 publications

References 541 publications

Understanding Why Homeopathic Medicines are Used for Menopause: Searching for Insights into Neuroendocrine Features

Understanding Why Homeopathic Medicines are Used for Menopause: Searching for Insights into Neuroendocrine Features

Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of Toludesvenlafaxine for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder—A Narrative Review

Nighttime-specific gene expression changes in suprachiasmatic nucleus and habenula are associated with resiliency to chronic social stress

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