Rationale for a polyphasic approach in the identification of mycotoxigenic fungi

Frisvad, Jens Christian

doi:10.1533/9780857090973.4.279

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…section Nigri . The use of a polyphasic approach, to identify and validate to species level isolates of fungi, was described by Frisvad [ 56 ], Oliveri et al [ 14 ]. Our DNA sequences confirmed the species name identified by morphological and chemical characteristics and the phylogenetic tree shows that the main clades belong to the black Aspergilli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in Secondary Metabolites Including Mycotoxins from Strains of Aspergillus Section Nigri Isolated from Raw Cashew Nuts from Benin, West Africa

et al. 2016

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In a previous study, raw cashew kernels were assayed for the fungal contamination focusing on strains belonging to the genus Aspergillus and on aflatoxins producers. These samples showed high contamination with Aspergillus section Nigri species and absence of aflatoxins. To investigate the diversity of secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins, the species of A. section Nigri may produce and thus threaten to contaminate the raw cashew kernels, 150 strains were isolated from cashew samples and assayed for their production of secondary metabolites using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Seven species of black Aspergilli were isolated based on morphological and chemical identification: A. tubingensis (44%), A. niger (32%), A. brasiliensis (10%), A. carbonarius (8.7%), A. luchuensis (2.7%), A. aculeatus (2%) and A. aculeatinus (0.7%). From these, 45 metabolites and their isomers were identified. Aurasperone and pyranonigrin A, produced by all species excluding A. aculeatus and A. aculeatinus, were most prevalent and were encountered in 146 (97.3%) and 145 (95.7%) isolates, respectively. Three mycotoxins groups were detected: fumonisins (B2 and B4) (2.7%) ochratoxin A (13.3%), and secalonic acids (2%), indicating that these mycotoxins could occur in raw cashew nuts. Thirty strains of black Aspergilli were randomly sampled for verification of species identity based on sequences of β-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Among them, 27 isolates were positive to the primers used and 11 were identified as A. niger, 7 as A. tubingensis, 6 as A. carbonarius, 2 as A. luchuensis and 1 as A. welwitschiae confirming the species names as based on morphology and chemical features. These strains clustered in 5 clades in A. section Nigri. Chemical profile clustering also showed also 5 groups confirming the species specific metabolites production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in Secondary Metabolites Including Mycotoxins from Strains of Aspergillus Section Nigri Isolated from Raw Cashew Nuts from Benin, West Africa

et al. 2016

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“…These mycotoxins are acutely or chronically toxic and pose health hazards or death in humans and other vertebrates when acquired in small amounts via a natural route (orally, by inhalation, or via the skin). This definition is a combination of that of Jarvis and Miller ( 2005 ), Frisvad ( 2011 ), Bennett and Inamdar ( 2015 ), and Taevernier et al ( 2016 ). Taevernier et al ( 2016 ) suggested that a quantitative level of cell cytotoxicity on preferably human cell cultures with an IC 50 (the concentration required for 50% of cell viability) of less than 1000 μM could be used to determine whether a fungal secondary metabolite was considered a mycotoxin or not.…”

Section: Mycotoxins Are a Very Limited Group Of Fungal Secondary Metamentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of the fungal workhorses of industrial biotechnology: update on the mycotoxin and secondary metabolite potential of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei

Frisvad

Møller

Larsen

et al. 2018

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

238

269

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This review presents an update on the current knowledge of the secondary metabolite potential of the major fungal species used in industrial biotechnology, i.e., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei. These species have a long history of safe use for enzyme production. Like most microorganisms that exist in a challenging environment in nature, these fungi can produce a large variety and number of secondary metabolites. Many of these compounds present several properties that make them attractive for different industrial and medical applications. A description of all known secondary metabolites produced by these species is presented here. Mycotoxins are a very limited group of secondary metabolites that can be produced by fungi and that pose health hazards in humans and other vertebrates when ingested in small amounts. Some mycotoxins are species-specific. Here, we present scientific basis for (1) the definition of mycotoxins including an update on their toxicity and (2) the clarity on misclassification of species and their mycotoxin potential reported in literature, e.g., A. oryzae has been wrongly reported as an aflatoxin producer, due to misclassification of Aspergillus flavus strains. It is therefore of paramount importance to accurately describe the mycotoxins that can potentially be produced by a fungal species that is to be used as a production organism and to ensure that production strains are not capable of producing mycotoxins during enzyme production. This review is intended as a reference paper for authorities, companies, and researchers dealing with secondary metabolite assessment, risk evaluation for food or feed enzyme production, or considerations on the use of these species as production hosts.

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“…F. verticillioides is the most common fumonisin producing Fusarium species infecting corn kernels [24,25,26,27,28]. In addition, some strains of Aspergillus niger have been reported as fumonisins B 2 , B 4 , and B 6 producing species [29]. In the present study, an ELISA based on polyclonal antibody was developed to specifically detect F. verticillioides in corn-based poultry feed (matrix/substrate).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Fusarium verticillioides in Poultry Feed Samples

Omori

Ono

Hirozawa

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Fumonisins are a group of toxic secondary metabolites that are produced by Fusarium verticillioides which are associated with poultry health hazard and great economic losses. The objective of the present study was to develop an immunological method to detect F. verticillioides in poultry feed samples. An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) based on a polyclonal antibody against 67 kDa protein of the F. verticillioides 97K exoantigen was developed to detect this fungus. Antibody anti-67 kDa protein showed cross-reactivity against F. graminearum (2–7%) and F. sporotrichioides (10%), but no or low cross-reactivity against Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. exoantigens. The detection limit for the 67 kDa protein of F. verticillioides was 29 ng/mL. Eighty-one poultry feed samples were analyzed for Fusarium sp. count, 67 kDa protein of F. verticillioides and fumonisin concentrations. Eighty of the 81 feed samples (98.6%) showed Fusarium sp. contamination (mean 6.2 x 104 CFU/g). Mean 67 kDa protein and fumonisin concentration in the poultry feed samples was 21.0 µg/g and 1.02 µg/g, respectively. The concentration of 67 kDa protein, as determined by ic-ELISA correlated positively (p < 0.05) with fumonisin levels (r = 0.76). These results suggest that this ic-ELISA has potential to detect F. verticillioides and predict fumonisin contamination in poultry feed samples.

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Rationale for a polyphasic approach in the identification of mycotoxigenic fungi

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Diversity in Secondary Metabolites Including Mycotoxins from Strains of Aspergillus Section Nigri Isolated from Raw Cashew Nuts from Benin, West Africa

Diversity in Secondary Metabolites Including Mycotoxins from Strains of Aspergillus Section Nigri Isolated from Raw Cashew Nuts from Benin, West Africa

Safety of the fungal workhorses of industrial biotechnology: update on the mycotoxin and secondary metabolite potential of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei

Development of Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Fusarium verticillioides in Poultry Feed Samples

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