Rational design, synthesis, and applications of carbon dots@metal–organic frameworks (CD@MOF) based sensors

Li, Bingzhi; Suo, Tiying; Xie, Siying; Xia, Anqi; Ma, Yujie; Huang, He; Zhang, Xing; Hu, Qin

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2020.116163

Cited by 82 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Common microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the chemical structure, morphology, and composition of MOF and entrapped bCDs. According to the literature, there are three methods to entrap (encapsulate) a nanomaterial into the pores of MOF, such as: (1) prepared carbon dots are mixed with MOF precursors; 27 (2) prepared carbon dots and MOF are mixed together; 28 and (3) different precursors for MOF and carbon dots are mixed together. However, in the present work, the ligand is the precursor of the linker (for the MOF) and the bCDs as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity Enhancement for Uric Acid Detection via In Situ Preparation of Blue Emissive Carbon Dots Entrapped in Chromium Metal–Organic Frameworks

Shatery

Omer

2022

ACS Omega

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In the present work, for the first time, the in situ formation of blue emissive carbon dots (bCDs) and encapsulation into the pores of chromium-based metal–organic frameworks (Cr-MOFs) are described. The luminescent bCDs via in situ process are formed and entrapped inside the pores of Cr-MOFs to form a nanocomposite of bCDs@Cr-MOFs. The bCDs@Cr-MOFs showed a strong broad blue emission at 420 nm (excited at 310 nm), which corresponds to both, the ligand (2-aminoterephthalic acid) in the Cr-MOF and the entrapped bCDs. This is assigned for the entrapping of bCDs in the pores of the MOFs. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed two types of particles, 150 rod-like shapes for Cr-MOF and 5–10 nm spherical shapes assigned for the presence of bCDs. The bCDs alone (without Cr-MOF) showed no selectivity, and their emission was quenched by different biomolecules and ions, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , and Hg 2+ . The selectivity of bCDs toward uric acid was increased dramatically when they were encapsulated in the Cr-MOF. The linear range for uric acid was 20–50 μM, and the LOD was measured as 1.3 μM. Spike recoveries for the detection of uric acid in serum samples were between 94 and 108%. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 3) at each concentration value was less than 2%. The results showed high ruggedness and robustness of the assay due to its high shelf-life stability of probe (four weeks), water stability, and long working pH range. Validation experiments showed that the established MOF-based sensing system is appropriate for uric acid detection in real samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity Enhancement for Uric Acid Detection via In Situ Preparation of Blue Emissive Carbon Dots Entrapped in Chromium Metal–Organic Frameworks

Shatery

Omer

2022

ACS Omega

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“…Carbon dots (CDs), with strong emission and small size, are easy to be encapsulated into the MOFs pores to realize multiemission. [107] Luque et al embed two kinds of different CDs into ZIF-8 to get 565 and 440 nm blue-yellow dual emission under single excitation at 365 nm as BYCDs@ZIF-8. [92] The blue and yellow CDs emission centers are separated from each other physically.…”

Section: Applications Of Guest Encapsulation-based Multi-emission Mofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Emission from Single Metal–Organic Frameworks under Single Excitation

Yin

2021

Small

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species under single wavelength excitation. Single-excitation is simple for practical applications, but high requirement is needed as the multi-emission centers are integrated and excited together. Multiemission organic molecules are developed for sensing and lighting applications, [3] but each emissive molecule is well designed with elaborate and complex construction. The simple and general synthesis strategies of multi-emission matrix are urgently demanded in theory and practice.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), prepared with metal ions (or metal clusters) and organic ligands, have been widely adopted for gas storage and separation, [4] catalysis, [5] sensing, [4a,6] and bio-imaging. [7] The rational selection and combination of emissive building blocks (organic ligands and metal nodes) provide thousands of possibilities for the design of multi-emission MOFs. [2c,8] Further, the channels or pores of MOFs could act as holder to load guest species, ranging from ions, nanoparticles to dyes to create multi-emission MOFs. Classification of Multi-Emission MOFsEmission occurs when the absorbed energy creates excited state of a species and then comes back to the ground state. [12] Tracing the source, we classify the multi-emission MOFs, according to the excitation centers as illustrated in Scheme 1. Organic aromatic ligands show wide light absorption for potential excitation centers. The single ligand absorbs photon as single absorption site, while its different chemical states gave different emissions, such as the keto and enol states for excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) as excited tautomer. [9,13] In lanthanide MOFs (Ln-MOF), antenna effect realizes the energy transfer from the excited ligand to Ln ions for the multiemission based om Ln ions and ligand. [14] Ascribe to antenna effect, though multi-emission comes from different Ln ions and/or ligands, the energy absorption and excited site is the ligand, which is regarded as single excitation site. However, it is critically required to delicately regulate the exact energy relationship between the ligand and Ln ions to ensure the efficient energy transfer.Multi-emission from multiple excitation sites should own the overlapped excitation wavelength to realize the single wavelength excited emission. However, the different excitation and emission Multi-emission materials have come to prominent attention ascribed to their extended applications other than single-emission ones. General and robust design strategies of a single matrix with multi-emission under single excitation are urgently required. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials prepared with organic ligands and metal nodes. The variety of metal nodes and ligands makes MOFs with great superiority as multi-emission matrices. Guest species encapsulated into the channels or pores of MOFs are the additional emission sites for multi-emission. In this review, multi-emission MOFs according to the different excitation sites are summarized and classified. The emission mechanisms are dis...

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“…[11] The results show that when CDs are encapsulated in the voids of the porous material, the movement of CDs can be effectively suppressed, so that the aggregation of CDs can be effectively reduced, thereby improving its optical performance. [12] And after compounding CDs and MOFs, the advantages of CDs can be fully exploited. Thus, many research groups have constructed CDs encapsulated in MOFs to construct CDs@MOFs composites for detection of environmental pollutants and removal these harmful substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2021, Li's group gave a general overview of the synthesis of CDs@MOFs composites and their applications in fluorescence sensing. [12] A detailed and specific summary will be a good supplement to the latest application of CDs@MOFs, which is also very necessary. Here, we focus on the synthetic strategy, and photoelectric sensing and catalytic mechanism of CDs@MOFs composites and their applications in the detection and photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Application and Mechanism of Carbon Dots/Metal‐Organic Frameworks Hybrids in Photocatalysis and the Detection of Environmental Pollutants

Jiang

Xie

et al. 2022

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials with simple synthesis conditions, large specific surface area, structural diversity, and a wide range of interesting properties. The integration of MOFs with other materials can provide new multifunctional composites that exhibit both component properties and new characteristics. In recent years, the integration of carbon dots (CDs) into MOFs to form composites has shown improved optical properties and fascinating new characteristics. This review focuses on the design and synthesis strategies of CDs@MOFs composites (including pore-confined synthesis, in situ encapsulation, post-synthesis modification and impregnation method) and their recent research progress in photocatalysis and detection of environmental pollutants. Both the achievements and problems are evaluated and proposed, and the opportunities and challenges of CDs@MOF composite are discussed.

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Rational design, synthesis, and applications of carbon dots@metal–organic frameworks (CD@MOF) based sensors

Cited by 82 publications

References 117 publications

Selectivity Enhancement for Uric Acid Detection via In Situ Preparation of Blue Emissive Carbon Dots Entrapped in Chromium Metal–Organic Frameworks

Selectivity Enhancement for Uric Acid Detection via In Situ Preparation of Blue Emissive Carbon Dots Entrapped in Chromium Metal–Organic Frameworks

Multi‐Emission from Single Metal–Organic Frameworks under Single Excitation

Recent Advances in the Application and Mechanism of Carbon Dots/Metal‐Organic Frameworks Hybrids in Photocatalysis and the Detection of Environmental Pollutants

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