Rational Design for the Synthesis of Europium Vanadate-Encapsulated Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite: An Excellent and Efficient Catalyst for the Electrochemical Detection of Clioquinol

Abstract

Engineered nanomaterials continue to stimulate wide interest in diverse disciplines including electrochemistry. Particularly, rare-earth-metal vanadate (REVO) is widely applied in the development of electrocatalyst. Therefore, we develop a new strategy for the fabrication of nanoarchitecture for an electrochemical sensor. A simple physical mixture method which allows precise control of the composition, structure, and surface morphology was adapted to synthesize europium vanadate/graphene oxide (EuV/GO) nanocomposites. The EuV/GO nanocomposites were analyzed using modern techniques and were potentially applied to electrochemical detection of neurodegenerative drug clioquinol (CQL). As electrode material for electrochemical sensor, EuV/GO showed a wide linear range (0.005−331; 345−1320 μM) and very low limit of detection (0.001 μM) with excellent selectivity. This nanoarchitecture prevents the electrode from fouling as well as acts as a bridge for rapid electron/ion transfer. In addition, the nanocomposites provide abundant active sites and large surface area to improve the channels between electrocatalyst and electrolyte. The practical applicability was revealed by quantifying the CQL concentration in biological sample, recommending this new approach as a reasonable alternative to the other traditional techniques. This REVO opens a new opportunity to build design for the family of electrode materials, which are used in electrochemical applications.

Surface engineering of gadolinium oxide nanoseeds with nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots: an efficient nanocomposite for precise detection of antibiotic drug clioquinol

“…S3, ESI †) also shows a linear relationship which can be expressed as follows; log I pa = 0.3349 log v (mV s À1 ) + 0.6678. The result demonstrates that the electro-oxidation of CQL at the electrode surface is predominantly controlled by the adsorption process, 19,20 rather than the diffusion. Furthermore, the surface concentration (G) of the electrode was determined using the slope value of the above-mentioned linear plot and the Brown-Anson model (eqn (8)).…”

“…CQL is an anti-infective drug with potent antiprotozoal, and antifungal properties. 19 CQL, together with vitamin B12, has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Despite its advantages, an excess of CQL causes neurotoxicity, which is one of its most adverse side effects.…”

“…Notably, a few articles report the use of HPLC, spectroscopic, and electrochemical techniques to quantify CQL. 19,21,22 In this work, we employed an electrochemical detection approach, which has numerous advantages in terms of simplicity, high sensitivity, and quick analysis. 2,23,24 For this purpose, N-CQD@Gd 2 O 3 nanocomposites were fabricated on the glassy carbon electrode (N-CQD@Gd 2 O 3 / GCE) to form an electrochemical sensor.…”

Phase-dependent photocatalytic selective oxidation of cyclohexane over copper vanadates

“…Vanadate-based compounds possess excellent physical and chemical properties, [24][25][26][27][28] which have been widely used in antibacterial additives, lithium thermal batteries, paramagnetic devices, chemical sensors, electrochemical supercapacitors etc. [29][30][31][32][33] However, few studies have been carried out to investigate the photocatalytic application of metal vanadates, especially selective the oxidation of cyclohexane. 34 Among metal vanadates, copper vanadates are suitable photocatalysts due to their narrow band gap (B2 eV), strong response to visible light, excellent catalytic properties and environmental benignity.…”

Electrochemical sensor formed from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene) and nitrogen-doped graphene composite for dopamine detection

“…Among them, graphene-based materials have been extensively explored as promising objects which exhibit large specic surface area, high electronic transport behavior, excellent electrocatalytic property and good stability. 23,24 However, stacking of graphene-based materials usually decreases the electrochemical sensor's performance. Therefore, in the past few years, nitrogen-doped graphene (N-Gr) has gradually become one of the research hotspots in the eld of electrocatalysis.…”