Abstract:The conception and development on a rational basis of a new configuration of anaerobic fixed-bed bioreactor for wastewater treatment, the horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized sludge (HAIS) reactor, is presented. Such a reactor containing immobilized sludge in polyurethane foam matrices was first assayed for treating paper industry wastewater. A very short start-up period was observed and the reactor achieved stable operation by the eighth day. Afterwards, fundamental aspects of the process were investigated i… Show more
“…Packed-bed reactors presented better performance than those attained in microcosms due to high cell density, development of a biomass acclimated to BTEX degradation in the reactor (Shim & Yang 1999), minimization of the liquid-phase mass transfer resistance (Sarti et al 2001) and a suitable hydrodynamic pattern (Zaiat et al 1997).…”
The ever-increasing diversity of industrial activity is responsible for the discharge of compounds that are toxic or difficult to degrade into the environment. Some of the compounds found in surface and ground waters, usually deriving from the contamination of oil-based products, are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). To remove these compounds from contaminated water, a bench-scale horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor, containing anaerobic biomass from various sources immobilized in polyurethane foam matrices, was employed to treat a synthetic substrate composed of protein, carbohydrates and BTEX solution in ethanol, as well as a BTEX solution in ethanol as the sole carbon source. The reactor removed up to 15.0 mg/l of each BTEX compound over a hydraulic detention time of 11.4 h. A first-order kinetic model fitted the experimental data well, showing correlation coefficients higher than 0.994. The apparent first-order coefficient values, k1(app), ranged from 8.4+/-1.5 day(-1) for benzene to 10.7+/-1.4 day(-1) for o-xylene in the presence of ethanol, protein and carbohydrates, and from 10.0+/-2.0 day(-1) for benzene to 13.0+/-1.7 day(-1) for o-xylene in the presence of ethanol. The BTEX degradation rates estimated here were 10- to 94-fold higher than those found in reports on microcosm studies.
“…Packed-bed reactors presented better performance than those attained in microcosms due to high cell density, development of a biomass acclimated to BTEX degradation in the reactor (Shim & Yang 1999), minimization of the liquid-phase mass transfer resistance (Sarti et al 2001) and a suitable hydrodynamic pattern (Zaiat et al 1997).…”
The ever-increasing diversity of industrial activity is responsible for the discharge of compounds that are toxic or difficult to degrade into the environment. Some of the compounds found in surface and ground waters, usually deriving from the contamination of oil-based products, are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). To remove these compounds from contaminated water, a bench-scale horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor, containing anaerobic biomass from various sources immobilized in polyurethane foam matrices, was employed to treat a synthetic substrate composed of protein, carbohydrates and BTEX solution in ethanol, as well as a BTEX solution in ethanol as the sole carbon source. The reactor removed up to 15.0 mg/l of each BTEX compound over a hydraulic detention time of 11.4 h. A first-order kinetic model fitted the experimental data well, showing correlation coefficients higher than 0.994. The apparent first-order coefficient values, k1(app), ranged from 8.4+/-1.5 day(-1) for benzene to 10.7+/-1.4 day(-1) for o-xylene in the presence of ethanol, protein and carbohydrates, and from 10.0+/-2.0 day(-1) for benzene to 13.0+/-1.7 day(-1) for o-xylene in the presence of ethanol. The BTEX degradation rates estimated here were 10- to 94-fold higher than those found in reports on microcosm studies.
“…Nos estudos de ZAIAT et al (1997) foi utilizado um HAIS em escala de laboratório, preenchido com matrizes de espuma de poliuretano, contendo lodo anaeróbio imobilizado de um UASB tratando água residuária diluída de atividade de suinocultura. A alimentação foi feita com um substrato sintético contendo glicose, como única fonte de carbono (DQO de 2.090 mg/l), em dois experimentos com porosidades dos leitos (ε) de 0,40 e 0,24, com TDH de 8,0 e 4,8 horas, respectivamente.…”
Section: Reator Anaeróbio Horizontal De Leito Fixounclassified
pela orientação valiosa, sugestões e discussões imprescindíveis, disponibilidade e, antes de tudo, por ter acreditado neste trabalho. À Profa. Elisabeth Moraes e à Quim.Maria Angela Tallarico Adorno pelo auxílio na execução experimental, sugestões, aulas de química, análises, importantes discussões sobre as rotas de degradação e acolhedora companhia. À Bióloga Maria Bernadete Varesche pelas análises microbiológicas, bem como pelas orientações e discussões nessa área. À grande amiga e colega Eng a. Selma Cubas por toda a ajuda, sugestões, discussões e companhia. Aos meus colegas e amigos Eng a
“…O lodo anaeróbio foi imobilizado nas partículas de espuma de poliuretano, conforme metodologia proposta por Zaiat et al, (1994). A espuma de poliuretano foi colocada em contato com o lodo por um período de 2 horas.…”
Section: Inóculo Suporte E Imobilização Da Biomassaunclassified
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