Ratiometric upconversion nanothermometry with dual emission at the same wavelength decoded via a time-resolved technique

Abstract

The in vivo temperature monitoring of a microenvironment is significant in biology and nanomedicine research. Luminescent nanothermometry provides a noninvasive method of detecting the temperature in vivo with high sensitivity and high response speed. However, absorption and scattering in complex tissues limit the signal penetration depth and cause errors due to variation at different locations in vivo. In order to minimize these errors and monitor temperature in vivo, in the present work, we provided a strategy to fabricate a samewavelength dual emission ratiometric upconversion luminescence nanothermometer based on a hybrid structure composed of upconversion emissive PbS quantum dots and Tm-doped upconversion nanoparticles. The ratiometric signal composed of two upconversion emissions working at the same wavelength, but different luminescent lifetimes, were decoded via a time-resolved technique. This nanothermometer improved the temperature monitoring ability and a thermal resolution and sensitivity of~0.5 K and~5.6% K −1 were obtained in vivo, respectively.

Quantitatively Monitoringin situMitochondrial Thermal Dynamics by Upconversion Nanoparticles

“…UCNPs@TPP is a powerful tool for analyzing how mitochondria metabolism activates and maintains cellular homeostasis in living cells. The distinct thermodynamics highlight the extensive applications of the thermometer to study vital biological processes related to mitochondrial metabolism and interactions between mitochondria and other organelles, like lysosome, ER 27 40 , organic dyes 13,38 , plasmonic materials 39 , UCNPs-based 23 nanothermometer for living cells, etc.…”

“…where I525 and I545 are the integrated fluorescent intensities around 525 nm and 545 nm emission peak, respectively; C is a constant; ∆E is the energy gap; k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature. Recently, the UCNPs nanothermometers have been also applied for in vivo small animal imaging and temperature monitoring 17,23 . Shi et al used UCNPs doped with Nd 3+ to sense temperature changes in NIH-3T3 cells 17…”

“…. Qiu et al fabricated a hybrid structure composed of PbS quantum dots and Tm-doped UCNPs to realize intratumoral monitor in vivo23 . However, there remains a big gap to realize the UCNPs thermometry with in situ organelle targeting capability for localized intracellular temperature sensing.…”

Nanovesicle-Mediated Delivery Systems for CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing

“…This approach exploits the rapamycin property of dual binding to FK506-binding protein (FKBP)-12 and FKBP-rapamycin binding domain (FRB), which induces dimerization of FKBP-12 and FRB. This property was applied to binding of FKBP-12-tagged HIV Gag protein and FRB-tagged Cas9 protein during VLP packaging ( Figure 5 G) [ 48 ]. Cas9 protein was effectively packaged in the VLP, as evidenced by the enhanced genome-editing efficacy in the presence of rapamycin.…”

Nanobarcodes with multidimensional optical information beyond diffraction limit

“…Due to a wealth of electronic transitions within the 4f electron shells of lanthanide ions, nanostructures doped with lanthanide ions can form a unique class of functional optical devices 6,7 . Among them, spherical upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been created with many unique optical properties, including tuneable colors 8 , multiplexed lifetimes 9,10 , long-distance energy migration 11 , ampli ed stimulated emissions [12][13][14][15][16] and their responses to external elds of temperature 17 and mechanical force 18 , which enables many novel applications, including full-colour displays 8 , solar energy harvesting 19 , security inks 9 , biomolecular sensing 20 , force sensing 21 , nanothermometry 22,23 , uorescence microscopy 12 , optical multiplexing 24 , deep-tissue optogenetics 25 , multimodal bio-imaging 26,27 and lighttriggered drug delivery 28,29 .…”