Rating of Underground Power Cables With Boundary Temperature Restrictions

Anders, G.J.; Brakelmann, H.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2017.2771367

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The works by the authors of [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] set different boundary conditions and changed the structural parameters of cables in different environments; they obtained steady temperature field distribution of regular laying cables by analytical, numerical methods and other computational methods. Ruan, J.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sedaghat A [9] derived a scientifically sound and accurate thermal electric circuit for the calculation of the steady-state temperature of cables in air from first thermodynamic principles. Anders, G [11] discussed rating calculations of underground power cables when the temperature limit is imposed on a location other than the cable conductor. Youyuan, W [5,13] used finite element method to calculate steady temperature field of underground cable and its influencing factors, and analyzed the calculation of current carrying capacity of cable and its influencing factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Effect of Cable Group Laying Mode on Temperature Field Distribution and Cable Ampacity

Xiong

Chen

Jiao³

et al. 2019

Energies

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The reliability and service life of power cables is closely related to the cable ampacity and temperature rise. Therefore, studying the temperature field distribution and the cable ampacity is helpful to improve the construction guidelines of cable manufacturers. Taking a 8.7/15 kV YJV 1 × 400 XLPE three-loop power cable as the research object, cable temperature is calculated by IEC-60287 thermal circuit method and numerical simulation method, respectively. The results show that the numerical simulation method is more in line with the actual measured temperature, and the relative error is only 0.32% compared with the actual measured temperature. The temperature field and air velocity field of cluster cables with different laying methods are analyzed by finite element method. The corresponding cable ampacity are calculated by secant method. The results show that when the cable is laid at the bottom of the cable trench, the cable current is 420 A, which is 87.5% of the regular laying. Under irregular laying mode, the temperature of cable is higher than that of regular laying mode and the cable ampacity is lower than that of regular laying mode. At the same time, a multiparameter online monitoring system is developed to online monitor the temperature, water level and smoke concentration of the cable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effect of Cable Group Laying Mode on Temperature Field Distribution and Cable Ampacity

Xiong

Chen

Jiao³

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…A reductive factor for wake losses could easily be added once details of wake losses for a particular site are known. A load cycle characterised by a 45 day period of 77% load followed by a 7 day full load period (100%) as in [3] was tested for the case of WFO1 and the temperature profile obtained is shown in Fig. 3 along with the realistic temperature profile for the same case.…”

Section: B Wind Speed Data and Generation Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main limitation for rating calculations is the maximum temperature of the insulation material and the varying environmental thermal parameters along the cable route which are a key medium for heat dissipation [2]. Although, other countries have established thermal restrictions such as the 2K criteria evaluated for a point in the seabed above the cable for ecological purposes [3], in most countries this criteria is not applied and ratings are based on conductor temperature limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that export cables represent a significant percentage of the capital expenditure (CAPEX) of an offshore wind farm, optimisation of cable size is essential to reduce the levelised cost of energy (LCoE) [4]. Because of the low temperature profiles found in submarine export cables, a common practice in offshore wind farm projects is wind farm overplanting (WFO) and the consideration of load cycles at a design stage in order to optimise cable sizing/rating [3], [5], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cable Thermal Risk Estimation for Overplanted Wind Farms

Colin

Pilgrim

2020

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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This paper presents a methodology for the forward estimation of thermal risk in offshore wind farm cables under scenarios where the farm is overplanted for economic purposes. A dynamic thermal rating assessment of the cable is proposed to estimate the thermal effects of probable load current scenarios considering actual temperatures. Calculated future temperatures are used to estimate the probability of the cable being overheated. Due to the ability of the method to estimate forward thermal risk, unnecessary power curtailment can be reduced while avoiding thermal damage to the cable. Simulated results of online thermal risk estimation and curtailment show additional power delivery of 7.26%, 9.16% and 9.67% per year for a 6% 9.9% and 13.7% wind farm overplanting respectively. The additional power is calculated compared to the annual power delivered (W h/year) with the use of the traditional continuous rating limits for the case studied.

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High variability and exceptionally low thermal conductivities in nearshore sediments: a case study from the Eckernförde Bay

Usbeck,

Dillon,

Kaul

et al. 2023

Mar Geophys Res

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Heat flow measurements are a standard technique in Geophysics both onshore and offshore. Recently, such measurements became increasingly important in shallow waters. The increasing amount of offshore power installations makes it necessary to have a good knowledge about the subsurface heat flow and the thermal properties of the sediments to optimize the construction of the necessary powerlines. While the thermal properties are well studied for deep ocean sediments, only few published data exist for nearshore sediments. In this study, we investigate the sediment temperatures and thermal conductivities of nearshore sediments in the German part of the Baltic Sea. The shallow sediment temperatures reflect the interplay of the response to the seasonal cycle in connection with the sediments’ thermal conductivity. We find thermal conductivity values ranging from 0.67 to 3.34 W/(m*K) for the sediments down to ~ 4.2 m below seafloor. This variability exceeds that of conservative estimates widely used for coastal sediments and is also much higher than the variability found in the deep oceans. Sandy sediments show thermal conductivities larger than 1 W/(m*K) whereas organic-rich muds have lower values (< 1 W/(m*K)). Furthermore, the thermal conductivities seem to decrease with increasing free gas content in the sediment. The latter needs to be confirmed by further investigations.

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Rating of Underground Power Cables With Boundary Temperature Restrictions

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Study on the Effect of Cable Group Laying Mode on Temperature Field Distribution and Cable Ampacity

Study on the Effect of Cable Group Laying Mode on Temperature Field Distribution and Cable Ampacity

Cable Thermal Risk Estimation for Overplanted Wind Farms

High variability and exceptionally low thermal conductivities in nearshore sediments: a case study from the Eckernförde Bay

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