Cable Thermal Risk Estimation for Overplanted Wind Farms

Colin, M.A. Hernandez; Pilgrim, James

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2019.2917789

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The references [131,132] consider the export cables for offshore wind farms, and temperature risk assessment is carried out with a probabilistic approach. When a cable exporting the generation of offshore wind farms is considered, the uncertainty of cable current is linked to the uncertainty in the wind power generation.…”

Section: Short-term Dcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concepts and Methods to Assess the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Power Cables

et al. 2021

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With the increase in the electrical load and the progressive introduction of power generation from intermittent renewable energy sources, the power line operating conditions are approaching the thermal limits. The definition of thermal limits variable in time has been addressed under the concept of dynamic thermal rating (DTR), with which it is possible to provide a more detailed assessment of the line rating and exploit the electrical system more flexibly. Most of the literature on DTR has addressed overhead lines exposed to different weather conditions. The interest in the dynamic thermal rating of power cables is increasing, considering the evolution of computational methods and advanced systems for cable monitoring. This paper contains an overview of the concepts and methods referring to dynamic cable rating (DCR). Starting from the analytical formulations developed many years ago for determining the power cable rating in steady-state conditions, also reported in International Standards, this paper considers the improvements of these formulations proposed during the years. These improvements are leading to include more specific details in the models used for DCR analysis and the computational methods used to assess the power cable’s thermal conditions buried in soil. This paper is focused on highlighting the path from the initial theories and models to the latest literature contributions. Attention is paid to thermal modelling with different levels of detail, applications of 2D and 3D solvers and simplified models, and their validation based on experimental measurements. A salient point of the overview is considering the DCR impact on reliability aspects, risk estimation, real-time calculations, forecasting, and planning with different time horizons.

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Section: Short-term Dcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature of the conductor is, then, determined by applying a finite difference analysis of the cable, and the risk of exceeding the maximum allowable temperature is calculated. In [132], the estimation of cable temperatures 6 h ahead allows the evaluation of the probability of the overheating of the cable.…”

Section: Short-term Dcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts and Methods to Assess the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Power Cables

et al. 2021

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“…In [25], the authors presented a probabilistic methodology for the hours ahead TRE in submarine power cables. The methodology used 5 years of historical data and Markov Theory to estimate the hours ahead load current and likely cable thermal risk.…”

Section: Paper Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulated use of the TRE methodology along hypothetical wind farm over-planting increments and a power curtailment strategy generated additional power delivery between 7.26% and 9.67% per year compared to the annual power delivered (Wh/year) using traditional continuous rating limits [25] and shown to generate additional financial thus reducing the LCOE of the wind farm studied [26]. Although the objective of [25] and the present work is the optimisation of wind farm cable utilisation, the methodologies are not to be confused. The novel TRE algorithm proposed in this paper is based solely on the study of historical power ramps to identify real-time ramp variations.…”

Section: Paper Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export cable rating optimisation by wind power ramp and thermal risk estimation

Colin

Dix

Pilgrim

2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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This paper demonstrates the impact of using realistic wind power generation profiles, timevarying ocean bottom temperatures and hypothetical wind farm over-planting scenarios on export cable capacity optimisation. Given the inherent risk in over-planting, a novel hour ahead thermal risk estimation method was developed to foresee and mitigate cable temperature exceedance, employing a preventive curtailment. Two offshore wind farm locations L1(North-west European Shelf) and L2(Australian Shelf) have been chosen for testing but utilising real wind and ocean bottom temperature data. These simulated results demonstrate a 10% rating increment over the static rating in L1 resulted in a 13% increment in the amount of energy delivered over a year (MWh/year) without any risk or instances of thermal overheating. Similarly, a 9.8% rating increment in L2 resulted in a 13.6% increment in annual energy transmission (MWh/year). The financial increment for both over-planting scenarios was approximately £9 million/year for the studied cases. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…In the last years, the shorter term overplanting has consolidated indicating a greater awareness of this measure of capacity optimization in the offshore wind sector, both in research and as part of national planning procedures. Several works have focused on overplanting linking it to other considerations in wind farm planning like risk aversion (Borràs Mora, Spelling, & van der Weijde, 2019), dynamic cable rating (Hernandez-Colin & Pilgrim, 2019;Pérez-Rúa, Das, & Cutululis, 2019), and being one optimization component of many integrated measures within national long term planning agendas (TKI Wind op Zee, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overplanting in offshore wind power plants in different regulatory regimes

Wolter

Jacobsen

Zeni

et al. 2020

WIREs Energy & Environment

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The development of offshore wind farms depends on many technical and economic parameters, which requires an integrated planning approach. Some parameters can be controlled by the wind farm developer, and some are determined by the regulatory authorities. Others can be outside control of both. One aspect of optimizing wind farm development is overplanting, which represents the capacity optimization between installed generation capacity and transmission capacity, which allows for a minor share of energy curtailment to increase the overall value of the farm. Quantifying this value also depends on the regulatory framework, which is analyzed here by comparing United Kingdom and Danish conditions. Using a discounted cash flow model, we find that UK conditions are favorable to overplanting from the developer perspective, where the benefit of using the transmission cable more efficiently supports overplanting. In the Danish case, the private‐economic incentive to overplant is minor due to the constraint of linking subsidies to a certain energy output. On the other hand, when the cost of turbines declines relative to transmission system costs, overplanting tends to become more attractive. This is mostly the case when installing wind farms further offshore compared to projects closer to the coast, which has been exerted more and more exerted in the recent years. In a socioeconomic perspective, overplanting is also a viable method to optimize the wind farm technically and economically, if the cost of the additional turbines is less than the value of the additional generation that can be fed into the grid by the transmission line. This article is categorized under: Wind Power > Economics and Policy Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure

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Cable Thermal Risk Estimation for Overplanted Wind Farms

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Concepts and Methods to Assess the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Power Cables

Concepts and Methods to Assess the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Power Cables

Export cable rating optimisation by wind power ramp and thermal risk estimation

Overplanting in offshore wind power plants in different regulatory regimes

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