RATES OF SURFACE FIRE SPREAD IN A YOUNG CALABRIAN PINE (Pinus brutia Ten.) PLANTATION

Abstract

Fire behaviour data and models are essential in modern fire management. Thirty five experimental line-ignited fires were carried out in a young calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stand with the objective of modelling the rate of surface fire spread. Relationships between rate of fire spread, and fuel, weather and topographical conditions were established by correlation and regression analyses. Dead fine fuel loading ranged from 0.19 to 0.68 kg m-2. Rate of fire spread varied from 0.3 to 3.75 m min-1 and flame length ranged from 5 cm to 55 cm. Rate of fire spread equations were generated that described the relationships of spread rate with fuel and weather conditions, using linear regression models. Wind speed had a dominant effect on rate of surface fire spread and explained 72% (P < 0.01) of the observed variation.

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“…Fuel models support local fire behavior prediction, but also fire danger rating systems when potential fuel hazard or fire behavior assessment is necessary in landscape fire management planning (Anderson, 1982). Differences in fire behavior, under similar meteorological and topographic conditions, are determined by fuel characteristics (Anderson, 1982;Chandler et al, 1983;Pyne et al, 1996;Nelson, 2001;Bilgili and Saglam, 2003;Bilgili et al, 2006;Kucuk et al, 2012). A fuel model describes fuel complex elements through their average properties values (Burgan and Rothermel, 1984).…”

“…Although it is historically regarded as a very humid and wet , the Western Black Sea region stretching along the coast of Black Sea, has recently been experiencing a large number of forest fires and as a result having extensive fire damages (Kucuk et al, 2012;Aricak et al, 2014).The big fires started in the Black Sea region (Borsuk and Zibtsev, 2013;Kucuk et al, 2015) raised the concerns that the forest fires can lift and spread again the radioactive remedies and radiation on the plants left by the Chernobyl Nuclear accident (Charles, 2010;Zibtsev et al, 2015) in the affected regions. The European Community started a program called "INTERREG IV 'Black Sea Basin Joint Operational Programme 2007-2013" to seek a better way to suppress forest fires using new and innovative technologies in Greece, Moldova, Romania, Armenia, Ukraine and Turkey (Zaimes et al, 2013).…”