Rates of Heave and Surface Rotation of Periglacial Frost Boils in the White Mountains, California

Wilkerson, Forrest D.

doi:10.1080/02723646.1995.10642567

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There is no universal or standardised method to measure cryogenic activity within patterned ground and many different proxies of cryogenic activity have been used. Annual cryogenic soil activity has been measured using the magnitude of differential frost heave, radial surface soil displacement or up‐freezing rates of buried objects by means of soil surface markers (Chambers, ; Shilts, ; Gartner et al ., ; Hallet and Prestrud, ; Jonasson, ; Washburn, ; Wilkerson, ; Sutton et al ., ), metal frame apparatus (Chambers, ; Smith, ; Kling, ; Hallet, ; Walker et al ., ; Overduin and Kane, ; Romanovsky et al ., ), sensors detecting movement or strain (Hallet, ; Matsuoka et al ., ; Overduin and Kane, ) and high‐resolution laser surveys (Daanen et al, ). The decadal‐ to millennial cumulative effect of cryoturbation has been estimated based on proxies such as the soil subduction rate inferred from dated buried organic soil horizons (Dyke and Zoltai, ; Van Vliet‐Lanoë and Seppälä, ), the pedogenic development and churning intensity of soil profiles (Haugland and Haugland, ; Ping et al ., ), lichenometric dating of surface clasts (Cook‐Talbot, ; Vopata et al ., ; Makoto and Klaminder, ) and visual inspections of vegetation patterns or composition (Jonasson, ; Hjort and Luoto, ; Feuillet et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decadal‐ to millennial cumulative effect of cryoturbation has been estimated based on proxies such as the soil subduction rate inferred from dated buried organic soil horizons (Dyke and Zoltai, ; Van Vliet‐Lanoë and Seppälä, ), the pedogenic development and churning intensity of soil profiles (Haugland and Haugland, ; Ping et al ., ), lichenometric dating of surface clasts (Cook‐Talbot, ; Vopata et al ., ; Makoto and Klaminder, ) and visual inspections of vegetation patterns or composition (Jonasson, ; Hjort and Luoto, ; Feuillet et al ., ). Few studies have applied several methods simultaneously (Chambers, ; Washburn, ; Wilkerson, ; Hallet, ; Kade and Walker, ) and no study has systematically compared different proxies of cryogenic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryogenic Soil Activity along Bioclimatic Gradients in Northern Sweden: Insights from Eight Different Proxies

Klaus

Becher

Klaminder

2013

Permafrost & Periglacial

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Cryogenic soil activity caused by differential soil movements during freeze-thaw cycles is of fundamental importance for Arctic ecosystem functioning, but its response to climate warming is uncertain. Eight proxies of cryogenic soil activity (including measurements of soil surface motion, vegetation and grey values of aerial photographs) were examined at eight study sites where non-sorted patterned ground spans an elevation gradient (400-1150 m asl) and a precipitation gradient (300-1000 mm yr -1 ) near Abisko, northern Sweden. Six proxies were significantly correlated with each other (mean |r| = 0.5). Soil surface motion increased by three to five times along the precipitation gradient and was two to four times greater at intermediate elevations than at low and high elevations, a pattern reflected by vegetation assemblages. The results suggest that inferences about how cryogenic soil activity changes with climate are independent of the choice of the proxy, although some proxies should be applied carefully. Four preferred proxies indicate that cryogenic soil activity may respond differently to climate warming along the elevation gradient and could be greatly modified by precipitation. This underlines the strong but spatially complex response of cryogenic processes to climate change in the Arctic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Soil Activity along Bioclimatic Gradients in Northern Sweden: Insights from Eight Different Proxies

Klaus

Becher

Klaminder

2013

Permafrost & Periglacial

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“…It should be noted that the high‐elevation (>3,900 m, 12,795 ft.) slopes in the White Mountains display abundant patterned ground features, and modern periglacial activity has been documented (Wilkerson, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gelisol Near White Mountain Peak, California

et al. 2010

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The soils of the Piedmont physiographic province of southeastern Pennsylvania are typically deep Ultisols and Alfisols with well‐developed argillic horizons, formed from metamorphic and igneous bedrock. Much of the research on the development of these argillic horizons focuses on descriptions of the soils in the field. This study was conducted to determine whether the act of tillage may mobilize clays within the solum and facilitate translocation of these clays, thereby enriching the argillic horizons with colloids. Most of this region has been subjected to long‐term, intensive agriculture. Anecdotal evidence and experience indicate that argillic horizons in agricultural fields appear to be deeper, are richer in clays, and exhibit lower porosities and permeabilities than similar soils in adjacent landscapes under forest cover. Two soil columns were constructed with a simple Entisol model of a silty clay loam “A” horizon over a coarse sand “C” horizon. The columns were subjected to identical moisture regimes by ponding 2.5 cm of water at the surface 184 times during a 1‐yr period. One column was plowed before application of water. The columns were then dissected for further observation. Slides were collected from points within the columns and examined using both optical and scanning electron microscopy. The plowed column appeared to exhibit much higher clay translocation, both in mass and depth of translocation, than the unplowed column. The plowed column appeared to have obvious clay translocation to a depth of 8 cm as opposed to 4.2 cm for the unplowed and exhibited distinct clay coatings on sand grains and clay bridging between grains. This indicates that agricultural practices may contribute greatly to the formation and thickening of argillic horizons.

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“…Sorted circles typically develop on flat to shallow slopes with low relief. In their mature forms circles can attain diameters of 0.8 m to > 5 m; small features (<0.5 m in diameter) usually indicate nascent forms (Wilkerson 1995). Active features-that is those that are ongoing in formation-may lack vegetation in the soil circles and lack lichens on stones of the borders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. Benedict 1992), and the White Mountains, California (Mitchell, Lamarche, and Lloyd 1966;Wilkerson 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complex patterned-ground ecosystem in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA supports unusual habitat for American pika

Millar

Westfall

2021

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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This material is published by permission of the Idaho National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide licence in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.

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Rates of Heave and Surface Rotation of Periglacial Frost Boils in the White Mountains, California

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Cryogenic Soil Activity along Bioclimatic Gradients in Northern Sweden: Insights from Eight Different Proxies

Cryogenic Soil Activity along Bioclimatic Gradients in Northern Sweden: Insights from Eight Different Proxies

A Gelisol Near White Mountain Peak, California

A complex patterned-ground ecosystem in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA supports unusual habitat for American pika

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