Rate of Development of Milky Disease in Japanese Beetle Populations1

Adams, J. A.; Wheeler, Emily

doi:10.1093/jee/39.2.248

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Several theories have been proposed to account for the decrease in the incidence of milky disease. One theory proposes that Connecticut is at the northernmost edge of the range of B. popilliae, and it is suspected that low soil temperatures suppress disease development (1,27). Dutky has shown that following injection of Japanese beetle larvae with B. popilliae spores, the length of time before disease symptoms appear increases as the temperature decreases (8).…”

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Inhibitory Effects of Turf Pesticides on Bacillus popilliae and the Prevalence of Milky Disease

Dingman

1994

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Fourteen pesticides (fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides) were tested to determine whether they had deleterious effects on the bioinsecticide Bacillus popiliae, the causal agent of milky disease. All of these pesticides reduced levels of spore viability, spore germination, and/or vegetative cell growth when they were tested over a range of concentrations from 0 to 1,000 ppm of active ingredient, and the fungicides had the greatest detrimental effects. As determined by tests in water, the level of spore viability was significantly reduced by chlorothalonil, iprodione, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid plus 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, and 2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxyJpropionic acid plus (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid. In tests performed with iprodione, loss of viability was evident at concentrations less than the concentration calculated to result from recommended use. Tests performed in soil demonstrated that triadimefon, chlorothalonil, (2,4dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid plus 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, and pendimethalin at concentrations resulting from recommended rates of application reduced spore titers. Spore germination did not occur in the continued presence of 2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]propionic acid plus (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, isofenphos, and chlordane, whereas exposure of spores to triadimefon or pendimethalin for 2 days stimulated germination. The tests to determine effects on spore germination were inconclusive for all other pesticides. Triadimefon, chlorothalonil, iprodione, pendimethalin, and chlorpyrifos at concentrations less than the concentrations recommended for use inhibited vegetative cell growth of B. popiliae, and chlordane at a concentration that was twice the concentration expected to result from the recommended rate of application repressed cell growth. My data support the hypothesis that use of synthetic pesticides can contribute to a low incidence of milky disease in white grubs.

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