Rate-Constrained Energy Services in Electricity

Negrete-Pincetic, Matías; Nayyar, Ashutosh; Poolla, Kameshwar; Salah, Florian; Varaiya, Pravin

doi:10.1109/tsg.2016.2623275

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The closest related works are [13] and [14]. Negrete-Pincetic et al considers a supplier who owns uncertain renewable generations and also purchases energy in day-ahead and realtime markets to serve the deferrable loads [14]. They show that the optimal procurement costs under causal allocation policy and offline allocation policy are the same, i.e., the price of causality is 1.…”

Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Resource Procurement and the Price of Causality

Li¹,

Shetty²,

Poolla³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This paper studies the problem of procuring diverse resources in a forward market to cover a set E of uncertain demand signals e. We consider two scenarios: (a) e is revealed all at once by an oracle (b) e reveals itself causally. Each scenario induces an optimal procurement cost. The ratio between these two costs is defined as the price of causality. It captures the additional cost of not knowing the future values of the uncertain demand signal. We consider two application contexts: procuring energy reserves from a forward capacity market, and purchasing virtual machine instances from a cloud service. An upper bound on the price of causality is obtained, and the exact price of causality is computed for some special cases. The algorithmic basis for all these computations is set containment linear programming. A mechanism is proposed to allocate the procurement cost to consumers who in aggregate produce the demand signal. We show that the proposed cost allocation is fair, budget-balanced, and respects the cost-causation principle. The results are validated through numerical simulations.

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Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Resource Procurement and the Price of Causality

Li¹,

Shetty²,

Poolla³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Among kinds of demand-response services, of particular interest to us are differentiated energy services, which were firstly proposed and analyzed in [15] and [18]. The services studied in the two papers are called durationdifferentiated energy services, since they are classified by durations, which correspond to the quantities of available energy with a fixed power delivery rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Market implementation of multiple-arrival multiple-deadline differentiated energy services

Chen

Varaiya

2020

Automatica

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An increasing concern in power systems is on how to elicit flexibilities in demands for better supply/demand balance. To this end, several differentiated energy services have been put forward, wherein demands are discriminated by their different flexibility levels. Motivated by the duration-differentiated energy services, we have proposed energy services differentiated by durations, arrival times, and deadlines. The purpose of this paper is to study the market implementation of such multiplearrival multiple-deadline differentiated energy services. To verify the economic feasibility, we establish that in a forward market, there exists an efficient competitive equilibrium which attains the maximum social welfare. In addition, we show that future information will influence current decisions on power delivery by studying a special kind of causal allocation policy. Finally, we propose two tractable integer programs, namely the optimal arbitrage and the minimum-cost allocation problems, which can be embedded in a two-level hierarchical real-time implementation of differentiated energy services.

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“…In both cases, the voltage and load equilibrium state in the grid phases is guaranteed; however, the switching choice is based only on current load consumption of consumers' units, disregarding the imbalance level and the future states of load consumption, which could contribute to the robustness of the system to eventual consumption peaks and to the durability of the load stability over time.By contrast, it has been observed that the use of Petri nets (PNs) in complex systems is quite broad [39], due to its formal modeling, simulation and property verification capabilities [40][41][42], which allows development and verification of intelligent algorithms for control and supervision of application in smart grids [43,44]. The formal verification of routine flow allows evaluation of incidences, conflicts, deadlocks, loops, and reachability [45] of all stages and subroutines, as well as evaluation of inviolable flows and cycles of the algorithm in all its hierarchical levels [46], and also the automatic integration workflow with the control and supervision systems of an urban microgrid [47].Thus, the use of PNs can contribute to the solution of the lack of automation in the operational procedures of load balancing in urban microgrids and especially in the LV grid [48], such as in the case of the legacy Brazilian LV distribution grid [15], with partially automated flows and manual methods without automatic full flow with the central supervisory system. Therefore, the existence of an intelligent algorithm that allows automation of the load-balancing procedures in the LV grid, as well as automatic integration at all levels of the grid control and supervision, would generate a great improvement in the legacy methods of load balancing, with correct, reliable and efficient processes, guaranteeing the load stability, as well as the streamlining of operational procedures in case of possible problems of load and voltage imbalance in the grid, and even emergency situations such as the burning of the transformer, among others.In this article, we present a new system design, based on hierarchical PNs, of an intelligent algorithm to automate the load-balancing process, in order to provide reliable and effective procedures and to integrate efficiently the automation workflow in the legacy Brazilian LV grid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the use of PNs can contribute to the solution of the lack of automation in the operational procedures of load balancing in urban microgrids and especially in the LV grid [48], such as in the case of the legacy Brazilian LV distribution grid [15], with partially automated flows and manual methods without automatic full flow with the central supervisory system. Therefore, the existence of an intelligent algorithm that allows automation of the load-balancing procedures in the LV grid, as well as automatic integration at all levels of the grid control and supervision, would generate a great improvement in the legacy methods of load balancing, with correct, reliable and efficient processes, guaranteeing the load stability, as well as the streamlining of operational procedures in case of possible problems of load and voltage imbalance in the grid, and even emergency situations such as the burning of the transformer, among others.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Load-Balance System Design of Microgrid Cluster Based on Hierarchical Petri Nets

et al. 2018

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In the new paradigm of urban microgrids, load-balancing control becomes essential to ensure the balance and quality of energy consumption. Thus, phase-load balance method becomes an alternative solution in the absence of distributed generation sources. Development of efficient and robust load-balancing control algorithms becomes useful for guaranteeing the load balance between phases and consumers, as well as to establish an automatic integration between the secondary grid and the supervisory center. This article presents a new phase-balancing control model based on hierarchical Petri nets (PNs) to encapsulate procedures and subroutines, and to verify the properties of a combined algorithm system, identifying the load imbalance in phases and improving the selection process of single-phase consumer units for switching, which is based on load-imbalance level and its future state of load consumption. A reliable flow of automated procedures is obtained, which effectively guarantees the load equalization in the low-voltage grid.Energies 2018, 11, 3245 2 of 30In the case of urban microgrids with distributed generation, the load-balancing method is based on the "electric current injection" in consumer unit phases, as well as in the phases of the LV grid, compensating for the imbalance of load and voltage. However, it is necessary to use a complex AC/DC-DC/AC signal converter control architecture called Microgrid Central Control (MGCC) [28], frequency inverters [29] and, in particular, supervision and control algorithms that optimize power and electric current flow [20]. The MGCC usually manages this automated solution flow, which does not always guarantee the efficient control of the phase shift effects between the main electrical current and the injected electrical current [30].The load-balance procedure based on the "coordinated load balance" offers a wide range of control features for current injection, working synchronously with the grid transformer [16], with frequency compensation between the grid phases and consumer units, along with phase compensation between the grids' electrical current and the electric current injected [31]. Ensuring robustness and load balancing, however, requires a complex central control and supervision structure with local (distributed) controllers with high-reliability algorithms [32] that ensure automated operational integration at all control and supervisory levels.Another method of load balance based on "integrated multimicrogrids control" is being widely used because of the large mix of micro-sources of energy to be applied for load-balancing [22,29,33], along with frequency and phase compensation in the grid and consumer units [34], also requiring a complex architecture with control and supervision algorithms that efficiently coordinate current injection and frequency and phase compensation in the LV grid [9,11,35], as well such as a large number of distributed generation units [36], which in fact means a great limitation for a large-scale implementation in developing countries [7,3...

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Rate-Constrained Energy Services in Electricity

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Optimal Resource Procurement and the Price of Causality

Optimal Resource Procurement and the Price of Causality

Market implementation of multiple-arrival multiple-deadline differentiated energy services

A Load-Balance System Design of Microgrid Cluster Based on Hierarchical Petri Nets

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