Rate constants of sulfate radical anion reactions with organic molecules: A review

Wojnárovits, László; Takács, Erzsébet

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.156

Cited by 175 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…•are around 1 × 10 10 M -1 s -1 , while those of reactions with CO 3 •are in the 2 × 10 6 -5 (Wojnárovits and Takács 2019;Wojnárovits et al 2020). The rate constants increasing in the CO 3…”

Section: Anisolesmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Rate constants of dichloride radical anion reactions with molecules of environmental interest in aqueous solution: a review

Wojnárovits

Takács

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Natural waters, water droplets in the air at coastal regions and wastewaters usually contain chloride ions (Cl-) in relatively high concentrations in the milimolar range. In the reactions of highly oxidizing radicals (e.g., •OH, •NO3, or SO4•-) in the nature or during wastewater treatment in advanced oxidation processes the chloride ions easily transform to chlorine containing radicals, such as Cl•, Cl2•-, and ClO•. This transformation basically affects the degradation of organic molecules. In this review about 400 rate constants of the dichloride radical anion (Cl2•-) with about 300 organic molecules is discussed together with the reaction mechanisms. The reactions with phenols, anilines, sulfur compounds (with sulfur atom in lower oxidation state), and molecules with conjugated electron systems are suggested to take place with electron transfer mechanism. The rate constant is high (107–109 M-1 s-1) when the reduction potential the one-electron oxidized species/molecule couple is well below that of the Cl2•-/2Cl- couple.

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Section: Anisolesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In the molecule aromatic rings are connected through an -NHbridge. One-electron oxidants attack this bridge by removing an electron (Wojnárovits and Takács 2019). Due to this possibility in Cl 2…”

Section: Nhementioning

confidence: 99%

Rate constants of dichloride radical anion reactions with molecules of environmental interest in aqueous solution: a review

Wojnárovits

Takács

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…In addition, basic conditions can also activate PS (Eq. (5)) leading to a higher radicals generation in comparison with acidic or neutral conditions [16,18,19]. indicated that AZT tends to attract positive charges.…”

Section: Effect Of Solution Ph On Azt Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential application of persulfate and simulated sunlight radiation on azithromycin removal

Ospino-Atehortúa

Zúñiga-Benítez

Peñuela

2020

Environmental Engineering Research

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Azithromycin (AZT) is a macrolide antibiotic whose presence in different bodies of water has been reported. This implies that conventional treatment systems are not able for AZT removal. This paper presents the main results regarding the potential use of simulated sunlight and persulfate (PS) on the removal of AZT. The effects of the solution pH and the concentration of PS were evaluated considering a face centered, central composite experimental design. Under optimized experimental conditions, it was possible to reach an AZT elimination around 70.0%, and ~30.0% reduction of the total organic matter after 120 min of reaction. Additionally, it was established that basic pH conditions favor AZT removal, and high doses of PS could have an inhibitory effect on the reaction due to a radical scavenging phenomenon. The roles of SO4-• and OH• radicals on the reaction were evaluated by conducting tests under the presence of ethanol and tert-Butyl alcohol. In this manner, OH• radicals seem to be the main oxidizing species of AZT. Finally, the evaluation of the effect of the initial pollutant concentration allowed to establish that a pseudo first-order reaction kinetics model can be used to describe the AZT elimination under the evaluated experimental conditions.

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“…In the current study, we selected two inorganic radicals (SO 4 ●− , CO 3 ●− ) and Tl 2+ ions, with reduction potentials higher than the reduction potential of N 3 ● , and one radical (SCN) 2 ●− with a nearly equal, however lower, reduction potential as that of N 3 ● (vide Table S1 ). These radicals and Tl 2+ ions act predominantly as electron acceptors, however, the radicals can also react by hydrogen abstraction or addition reactions [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. These latter reactions are generally very slow and might not be observed by pulse radiolysis [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Probe for Electron Transfer and Addition Reactions of Azide Radicals with Substituted Quinoxalin-2-Ones in Aqueous Solutions

Skotnicki

Ostrowski

Dobrowolski

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The azide radical (N3●) is one of the most important one-electron oxidants used extensively in radiation chemistry studies involving molecules of biological significance. Generally, it was assumed that N3● reacts in aqueous solutions only by electron transfer. However, there were several reports indicating the possibility of N3● addition in aqueous solutions to organic compounds containing double bonds. The main purpose of this study was to find an experimental approach that allows a clear assignment of the nature of obtained products either to its one-electron oxidation or its addition products. Radiolysis of water provides a convenient source of one-electron oxidizing radicals characterized by a very broad range of reduction potentials. Two inorganic radicals (SO4●−, CO3●−) and Tl2+ ions with the reduction potentials higher, and one radical (SCN)2●− with the reduction potential slightly lower than the reduction potential of N3● were selected as dominant electron-acceptors. Transient absorption spectra formed in their reactions with a series of quinoxalin-2-one derivatives were confronted with absorption spectra formed from reactions of N3● with the same series of compounds. Cases, in which the absorption spectra formed in reactions involving N3● differ from the absorption spectra formed in the reactions involving other one-electron oxidants, strongly indicate that N3● is involved in the other reaction channel such as addition to double bonds. Moreover, it was shown that high-rate constants of reactions of N3● with quinoxalin-2-ones do not ultimately prove that they are electron transfer reactions. The optimized structures of the radical cations (7-R-3-MeQ)●+, radicals (7-R-3-MeQ)● and N3● adducts at the C2 carbon atom in pyrazine moiety and their absorption spectra are reasonably well reproduced by density functional theory quantum mechanics calculations employing the ωB97XD functional combined with the Dunning’s aug-cc-pVTZ correlation-consistent polarized basis sets augmented with diffuse functions.

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Rate constants of sulfate radical anion reactions with organic molecules: A review

Cited by 175 publications

References 133 publications

Rate constants of dichloride radical anion reactions with molecules of environmental interest in aqueous solution: a review

Rate constants of dichloride radical anion reactions with molecules of environmental interest in aqueous solution: a review

Potential application of persulfate and simulated sunlight radiation on azithromycin removal

Spectral Probe for Electron Transfer and Addition Reactions of Azide Radicals with Substituted Quinoxalin-2-Ones in Aqueous Solutions

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