RARZ: Ring-Zone Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Jadoon, Rab Nawaz; Zhou, Wuyang; Jadoon, Waqas; Khan, Ahmad

doi:10.3390/app8071023

Cited by 24 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…On the contrary, several authors have reported good neonatal outcomes win patients undergoing vaginal breech birth. 12,13,32,33,34 Our study reports good fetal outcome in 87% of babies. 20 babies had low Apgar and required NICU admission but only 2 deaths occurred due to birth asphyxia, the rest were discharged within 1 week.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Singleton Vaginal Breech Delivery at Term: Maternal and Perinatal Outcome

Wasim

Wasim²,

Majrooh³

2017

Annals KEMU

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Objectives: To determine fetomaternal outcome in patients undergoing planned vaginal breech delivery at term. Methods:It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Lady Aitchison hospital, Lahore for one and a half year from July 2012 to December 2013. All patients presenting with term breech presentation were included. Fetomaternal outcome in terms of successful vaginal delivery, maternal complications of operative delivery, PPH, wound infection and fetal complications of apgar score of less than five minutes, nursery admission, trauma during delivery (bone fracture, intra cranial hemorrhage) and perinatal mortality was studied.Results: 375 patients delivered as breech presentation during the study period. Out of 375 patients, 155 patients were selected for vaginal birth. Out of these, 65% had successful vaginal delivery, rest had emergency caesarean section due to fetal distress, cord prolapse, dysfunctional labour. 6.4% patients had wound infection and 3.2% had PPH. Booking status was significantly important in patients who had successful vaginal delivery as 80% were booked (p = 0.001). There was no maternal mortality in these patients. Perinatal outcome was good in 87% of patients. 20 fetuses had Apgar score less than 7/min and required nursery admission. Two babies expired due to birth asphyxia and rest were discharged home in satisfactory condition. Conclusion: Although delivery of breech remains a dilemma, the plan of delivery should be individualized. Proper selection of cases with proper antenatal and intrapartum care can result in successful breech vaginal delivery without compromising feto maternal wellbeing and curtailing the percentage of caesarean being done for this malpresentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Singleton Vaginal Breech Delivery at Term: Maternal and Perinatal Outcome

Wasim

Wasim²,

Majrooh³

2017

Annals KEMU

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“…is information can be used for decision making by the end users. ere are various areas of interests for WSNs applications; for example, military surveillance and target tracking, providing relief in a natural disaster, monitoring biomedical health, and exploration of the hazardous environment and seismic sensing [1,2]. e sensing nodes in WSNs have low power, memory, and computational and radio capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Service-Based Node Relocation Technique for Mobile Sensor Networks

Awan

Khan

Malik

et al. 2019

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployed in harsh and unfavorable environments become inoperable because of the failure of multiple sensor nodes. This results into the division of WSNs into small disjoint networks and causes stoppage of the transmission to the sink node. Furthermore, the internodal collaboration among sensor nodes also gets disturbed. Internodal connectivity is essential for the usefulness of WSNs. The arrangement of this connectivity could be setup at the time of network startup. If multiple sensor nodes fail, the tasks assigned to those nodes cannot be performed; hence, the objective of such WSNs will be compromised. Recently, different techniques for repositioning of sensor nodes to recover the connectivity have been proposed. Although capable to restore connectivity, these techniques do not focus on the coverage loss. The objective of this research is to provide a solution for both coverage and connectivity via an integrated approach. A novel technique to reposition neighbouring nodes for multinode failure is introduced. In this technique, neighbouring nodes of the failed nodes relocate themselves one by one and come back to their original location after some allocated time. Hence, it restores both prefailure connectivity and coverage. The simulations show our proposed technique outperforms other baseline techniques.

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“…Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have spatially distributed nodes used to sense the physical phenomenon of interest. e nodes in the networks are wirelessly connected with each other [1][2][3][4]. Each network has one or more base stations (BSs) used to gather the data from the sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e protocol developed at the medium access control (MAC) layer, network layer, transport layer, or the layers above these layers must be energy e cient along with possessing other QoS parameters. Routing is considered to be the most energy-intensive task in the sensor networks [2,8]. Various energy-e cient protocols have been developed for routing the data from the source to the destination (i.e., BS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Evaluation of Zone-Based Routing with Hierarchical Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Jadoon

Zhou

Khan

et al. 2019

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Routing remains a most challenging task in sensor networks because of constrained resources like battery power, processing, and memory. Many energy efficiency techniques for the sensor networks have been proposed, among which hierarchical routing is considered the most energy-efficient and extended network lifetime technique. This technique has a lesser number of transmissions in the network. On the contrary, zone-based routing claims lesser control and routing overhead on the overall network lifetime. In this research, a simulation-based comparison of zone-based routing with static clustering hierarchical routing is conducted. The simulation results show that the zone-based routing outperforms hierarchical routing with static clustering in terms of energy efficiency, network lifetime, and throughput.

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RARZ: Ring-Zone Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Singleton Vaginal Breech Delivery at Term: Maternal and Perinatal Outcome

Singleton Vaginal Breech Delivery at Term: Maternal and Perinatal Outcome

Quality of Service-Based Node Relocation Technique for Mobile Sensor Networks

Performance Evaluation of Zone-Based Routing with Hierarchical Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

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