Rare Yeast Infections: Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Special Considerations

Byrne, Dana; Reboli, Annette C.

doi:10.1007/s40588-017-0073-7

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…These moulds are darkly pigmented due to the production of melanin in their cell walls, which is also speculated to increase the virulence of these organisms [ 10 , 11 ]. Exophiala species are emerging pathogens known to cause disease in immunocompromised patients, such as people who received transplants, people with HIV and people with diabetes [ 11 , 12 ]. Exophiala species are associated with nutrient-poor and toxic environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have been isolated in steam baths and toxic mines [ 11 ]. These organisms are known to cause skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, keratitis, septic arthritis, endocarditis and neurological infections, with a predilection to form granulomas and microabcesses [ 11 , 12 ]. It is difficult to distinguish microbiologically between the different species of Exophiala, as they show very little morphological differentiation [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These organisms are known to cause skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, keratitis, septic arthritis, endocarditis and neurological infections, with a predilection to form granulomas and microabcesses [ 11 , 12 ]. It is difficult to distinguish microbiologically between the different species of Exophiala, as they show very little morphological differentiation [ 11 , 12 ]. Chakrabarti et al ascribed 10.5% of fungal endophthalmitis cases to other melanin-producing fungi, but were not able to culture Exophiala species in a single case [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delayed-onset post-operative keratitis and endophthalmitis caused by Exophiala oligosperma

Merwe

Costa

Reddy

et al. 2021

J Ophthal Inflamm Infect

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A case of delayed-onset post-cataract-surgery keratitis and endophthalmitis, caused by the melanin-producing fungus Exophiala oligosperma, is presented. The patient presented with an infection at the corneal side-port wound 5 months after an uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. Despite pars plana vitrectomy and combination antifungal treatment, the patient required an evisceration of the globe. Limited clinical information is available about the treatment of eye infections caused by this organism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delayed-onset post-operative keratitis and endophthalmitis caused by Exophiala oligosperma

Merwe

Costa

Reddy

et al. 2021

J Ophthal Inflamm Infect

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“…O uso de antibióticos de amplo espectro, cateteres, transplantes, a ocorrência de neutropenia e imunidade celular deprimida são fatores geralmente associados à fungemia nosocomial. (1)(2) De acordo com Byrne e Reboli (3) , "leveduras raras" são incomuns de serem encontradas em doenças invasivas, exceto em hospedeiros imunocomprometidos. Muitas delas frequentemente colonizam a pele ou membranas mucosas e têm baixa patogenicidade, sendo comumente encontradas no meio ambiente.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Infecção por Kodamaea ohmeri no Brasil: Uma revisão de literatura

Velôso¹,

Leal²,

Martins

2023

J. Cienc. Saude HU-UFPI

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Conduzir uma revisão de literatura sistemática dos casos de infecção por K. ohmeri relatados no Brasil de 1984 até 2019. Métodos: Para a pesquisa utilizou-se as bases de dados MEDLINE, PubMed e ScienceDirect, usando os termos “Kodamaea ohmeri” ou “Pichia ohmeri”, juntamente com os descritores “Brazil” e “infection”. Resultados: Foram encontrados 6 trabalhos, sendo 4 artigos, 1 tese de doutorado e 1 resumo de evento científico, totalizando 11 relatos de casos. A maioria dos casos relatados foi na Região Sul, seguidos da Região Nordeste e Região Sudeste. A infecção foi mais comum em adultos do que em crianças. O sexo feminino foi o mais prevalente com 72,7%. A levedura foi isolada do sangue, do líquido de diálise peritoneal, da urina, da saliva e da amostra de biópsia vertebral. O fluconazol foi o antifúngico mais usado, seguido de anfoterecina B, anfoterecina B lipossomal e micafungina. A maioria dos pacientes evoluiu com melhora clínica (7/11; 63,64%), 3 deles (27,27%) foram à óbito. Conclusão: A anfotericina B parece ser um atraente agente de primeira linha de tratamento e as equinocandinas anidulafungina e micafungina como terapias alternativas. Recomenda-se o teste de suscetibilidade a antifúngicos para orientar o tratamento. Palavras-chave: Kodamaea ohmeri; infecções fúngicas sistêmicas; Brasil; Agentes antifúngicos

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“…In humans, E. dermatitidis colonization is often reported in cystic fibrosis patients with a prevalence rate varying from 4.8 to 15.7% in Germany and Belgium ( Pihet et al, 2009 ). Cutaneous and subcutaneous abscesses ( Zeng et al, 2007 ), septic arthritis, endocarditis, catheter-associated fungemia ( Byrne and Reboli, 2017 ) but also systemic infections have been reported ( Hiruma et al, 1993 ). A huge difference is observed in etiology and severity ( Sudhadham et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Study of an Exophiala dermatitidis PKS1 Mutant on an ex Vivo Skin Model: Is Melanin Important for Infection?

et al. 2018

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The black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis is a polyextremophilic human pathogen, especially known for growing in man-made extreme environments. Reported diseases caused by this fungus range from benign cutaneous to systemic infections with 40% fatality rate. While the number of cases steadily increases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people, detailed knowledge about infection mechanisms, virulence factors and host response are scarce. To understand the impact of the putative virulence factor melanin on the infection, we generated a polyketide synthase (PKS1) mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 resulting in a melanin deficient strain. The mutant and the wild-type fungus were inoculated onto skin explants using an ex vivo skin organ culture model to simulate in vivo cutaneous infection. The difference between the mutant and wild-type transcriptional landscapes, as assessed by whole RNA-sequencing, were small and were observed in pathways related to the copper homeostasis, cell wall genes and proteases. Seven days after inoculation the wild-type fungus completely colonized the stratum corneum, invaded the skin and infected keratinocytes while the mutant had only partially covered the skin and showed no invasiveness. Our results suggest that melanin dramatically improves the invasiveness and virulence of E. dermatitidis during the first days of the skin infection.

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Rare Yeast Infections: Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Special Considerations

Cited by 8 publications

References 99 publications

Delayed-onset post-operative keratitis and endophthalmitis caused by Exophiala oligosperma

Delayed-onset post-operative keratitis and endophthalmitis caused by Exophiala oligosperma

Infecção por Kodamaea ohmeri no Brasil: Uma revisão de literatura

Transcriptome Study of an Exophiala dermatitidis PKS1 Mutant on an ex Vivo Skin Model: Is Melanin Important for Infection?

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