Rapidly Progressive Dementia

Geschwind, Michael D.; Haman, Aissa; Miller, Bruce L.

doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2007.04.001

Cited by 104 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Aside from dementia in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease which occurs rapidly, most neurodegenerative dementias develop slowly with the possible exception of DLB and corticobasal degeneration. Disorders that commonly lead to a slowly progressive dementia such as AD and frontotemporal dementia rarely present with a rapid course [24]. Cognitive impairment with sudden onset or with stepwise deterioration in combination with hemiparesis, hemianopsia or diplopia indicating vascular dementia [25] have also been reported in rare cases of vasculitis due to LNB and might be the cause of irreversible dementia in LNB [26–28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary dementia due to Lyme neuroborreliosis

Kristoferitsch

Aboulenein-Djamshidian

Jecel

et al. 2018

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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SummaryDementia-like syndromes are rare manifestations of Lyme neuroborreliosis. The clinical patterns are summarized using our own cases and case reports from the literature, which were diagnosed as definite Lyme neuroborreliosis according to the European guidelines. The cases disclose signs of subcortical dementia that occur more rapidly than in patients suffering from primary dementia. Gait disturbances early in the disease course is another frequently observed characteristic feature. The response to 2–4 weeks of antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone was excellent. There were no indications for a prolonged antibiotic treatment. It is essential to be aware of this manifestation of Lyme neuroborreliosis, because early antibiotic treatment will prevent permanent sequelae that may occur throughout the further course of the untreated disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary dementia due to Lyme neuroborreliosis

Kristoferitsch

Aboulenein-Djamshidian

Jecel

et al. 2018

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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“…36 MRI may show contrast enhancement, infarcts, and involvement of gray or white matter. 5,43 When MRI and the clinical picture suggest vasculitis, it is important to note that other conditions, such as intravascular lymphoma, can have the appearance of vasculitis on brain angiogram, and may temporarily respond to steroids. When performing a brain biopsy for potential vasculitis, it is important to take an appropriately sized piece of tissue (typically 1 cm 3 ), including meninges, ideally from an area that is abnormal on MRI.…”

Section: Consideration Of Rapidly Progressive Dementias By Etiologic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly Progressive Dementia

Geschwind¹

2016

CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology

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132

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Purpose of Review This article presents a practical and informative approach to the evaluation of a patient with a rapidly progressive dementia (RPD). Recent Findings Prion diseases are the prototypical causes of RPD, but reversible causes of RPD might mimic prion disease and should always be considered in a differential diagnosis. Aside from prion diseases, the most common causes of RPD are atypical presentations of other neurodegenerative disorders, curable disorders including autoimmune encephalopathies, as well as some infections, and neoplasms. Numerous recent case reports suggest dural arterial venous fistulas sometimes cause RPDs. Summary RPDs, in which patients typically develop dementia over weeks to months, require an alternative differential than the slowly progressive dementias that occur over a few years. Because of their rapid decline, patients with RPDs necessitate urgent evaluation and often require an extensive workup, typically with multiple tests being sent or performed concurrently. Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, perhaps the prototypical RPD, is often the first diagnosis many neurologists consider when treating a patient with rapid cognitive decline. Many conditions other than prion disease, however, including numerous reversible or curable conditions, can present as an RPD. This chapter discusses some of the major etiologies for RPDs and offers an algorithm for diagnosis.

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“…1 The differential diagnosis is broad, encompassing neurodegenerative, autoimmune, toxic/metabolic, infectious, neoplastic and vascular conditions. 2 In our patient, brain magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance venography, to exclude deep venous thrombosis and central nervous system vasculitis, were normal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%