Rapidity distribution as a probe for elliptical flow at intermediate energies

Abstract

Abstract:The interplay between spectator and participant matter in heavy-ion collisions is investigated within the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model in terms of the rapidity distribution of light charged particles. The effect of different types and sizes of rapidity distributions is studied in elliptical flow.The elliptical-flow patterns show the important role of nearby spectator matter on the participant zone. This role is further explained on the basis of the passing time of the spectator and the expansion time of the participant zone. The transition from in-plane to out-of-plane emission is observed only when the midrapidity region is included into the rapidity bin. Otherwise no transition occurs. The transition energy is found to be highly sensitive to the size of the rapidity bin, while it is only weakly dependent on the type of the rapidity distribution. These theoretical findings are found to be in agreement with experimental results. PACS (

Phase space analysis of fragmentation and the role of mass asymmetry

“…The contribution of participant and spectator matter [18] in the intermediate energy heavyion collisions has motivated us to perform a detailed phase space analysis of the fragment distribution, in terms of participant and spectator matter. The important concept of spectators and participants in collisions was first introduced by Bowman et al [19] and later employed for the description of wide-angle energetic particle emission by Westfall et al [20].…”

Correlation and isospin dynamics of participant-spectator matter in neutron-rich colliding nuclei at 50 MeV/nucleon

“…Second, the elliptic flow is also shaped by the interplay of collisions and mean field [19]. In addition, the elliptic flow pattern of the participant matter is affected by the presence of cold spectator matter [20].…”