Rapid testing on the effect of cracks on solar cells output power performance and thermal operation

Dhimish, Mahmoud; Hu, Yihua

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-16546-z

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Another study was conducted by Dhimish et al on the photovoltaic degradation rate affected by different weather conditions based on PV systems using the YOY (year-on-year) technique for more than 10 years (2008 to 2017) for six distinct photovoltaic (PV) sites in the UK, which is mostly influenced by cold weather conditions, and Australia, which is primarily affected by cold weather conditions. It was discovered that the UK sites' deterioration rates ranged from −1.05% to −1.16 %/year [94]. However, because the temperature is lower than in Australia, a greater deterioration of between −1.35% and −1.46%/year was seen for the PV sites deployed there [88].…”

Section: Temperature and Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Degradation of Solar Photovoltaics: A Review of Aging Factors, Impacts, and Future Directions toward Sustainable Energy Management

et al. 2023

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The degradation of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is caused by a number of factors that have an impact on their effectiveness, performance, and lifetime. One of the reasons contributing to the decline in solar PV performance is the aging issue. This study comprehensively examines the effects and difficulties associated with aging and degradation in solar PV applications. In light of this, this article examines and analyzes many aging factors, including temperature, humidity, dust, discoloration, cracks, and delamination. Additionally, the effects of aging factors on solar PV performance, including the lifetime, efficiency, material degradation, overheating, and mismatching, are critically investigated. Furthermore, the main drawbacks, issues, and challenges associated with solar PV aging are addressed to identify any unfulfilled research needs. Finally, this paper provides new directions for future research, best practices, and recommendations to overcome aging issues and achieve the sustainable management and operation of solar energy systems. For PV engineers, manufacturers, and industrialists, this review’s critical analysis, evaluation, and future research directions will be useful in paving the way for conducting additional research and development on aging issues to increase the lifespan and efficiency of solar PV.

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Section: Temperature and Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Degradation of Solar Photovoltaics: A Review of Aging Factors, Impacts, and Future Directions toward Sustainable Energy Management

et al. 2023

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“…Hot spots can be caused by a variety of factors, including high levels of sunlight, high electrical current, and poor ventilation. Hot spots can lead to several problems in solar cells, including reduced power output, shortened lifespan, and permanent damage [63][64][65]. In some cases, hot spots can even cause the cell to catch fire.…”

Section: Pv Hotspotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Induced Degradation in Photovoltaic Modules: A Review of the Latest Research and Developments

Badran

Dhimish

2023

Solar

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Photovoltaic (PV) technology plays a crucial role in the transition towards a low-carbon energy system, but the potential-induced degradation (PID) phenomenon can significantly impact the performance and lifespan of PV modules. PID occurs when a high voltage potential difference exists between the module and ground, leading to ion migration and the formation of conductive paths. This results in reduced power output and poses a challenge for PV systems. Research and development efforts have focused on the use of new materials, designs, and mitigation strategies to prevent or mitigate PID. Materials such as conductive polymers, anti-reflective coatings, and specialized coatings have been developed, along with mitigation strategies such as bypass diodes and DC-DC converters. Understanding the various factors that contribute to PID, such as temperature and humidity, is critical for the development of effective approaches to prevent and mitigate this issue. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest research and developments in the field of PID in PV modules, highlighting the materials, designs, and strategies that have been developed to address this issue. We emphasize the importance of PID research and development in the context of the global effort to combat climate change. By improving the performance and reliability of PV systems, we can increase their contribution to the transition towards a low-carbon energy system.

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“…If the thermal stress exceeds the strength of the silicon wafer, it can initiate cracks. Furthermore, the cracks could also have been the result of an extreme level of thermal stress at the solder joints [47] as a result of localized heating during the hotspot experiment. The majority of the cracks identified in the EL image appeared at specific locations and were found to have originated particularly near the junction connecting the busbar and the fingers, indicating that they might have developed due to solder fatigue [48].…”

Section: Potential Reasons For Degradation In Gg Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Hotspot Stress Endurance in Pristine and Thermal Cycled Prestressed Glass–Glass Photovoltaic Modules

et al. 2023

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Hotspots pose a significant long-term reliability challenge in photovoltaic (PV) modules that can have a detrimental impact on the efficiency, safety, and financial viability of a PV system. This paper aims to evaluate the endurance of hotspot stress in pristine and prestressed glass–glass (GG) modules. The accelerated prestressing was conducted for 600 thermal cycles (TC600) to represent decades of field exposure. GG modules are quickly becoming an alternative to the traditional glass–backsheet (GB) modules that have been the industry standard. Unlike other conventional studies that subject only pristine modules to hotspot stress, this paper evaluates the performance of an accelerated/simulated field-aged GG module (using TC600) and a pristine GG module. Pre- and post-characterizations were performed before and after each test to determine changes in electrical performance and observe any defects in GG modules. During the hotspot test, an approximately 200 °C maximum cell temperature was observed with a cell shading of 25% (the worst-case shading ratio). After the hotspot test, electroluminescence imaging indicated that most cells in the prestressed GG module exhibited severe damage whereas no significant defects were evident in the pristine GG module where the prestressed GG module degraded 8.2% and the pristine GG module degraded 1.5% in maximum power. These findings are critical for the industry, considering that GG bifacial modules will dominate the market.

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Rapid testing on the effect of cracks on solar cells output power performance and thermal operation

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Investigation of Degradation of Solar Photovoltaics: A Review of Aging Factors, Impacts, and Future Directions toward Sustainable Energy Management

Investigation of Degradation of Solar Photovoltaics: A Review of Aging Factors, Impacts, and Future Directions toward Sustainable Energy Management

Potential Induced Degradation in Photovoltaic Modules: A Review of the Latest Research and Developments

Comparative Analysis of Hotspot Stress Endurance in Pristine and Thermal Cycled Prestressed Glass–Glass Photovoltaic Modules

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