Rapid screening procedure based on headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the detection of many recreational drugs in hair

Gentili, Stefano; Cornetta, Maria da Conceição de Mesquita; Macchia, Teodora

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.034

Cited by 100 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Sample preparation procedures were adapted from those described by Gentili et al [7]. Each hair sample was cut into 3-cm lengths from the root end, approximately corresponding to drug use during the prior 3 months.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SPME/GC-MS analysis for MA and AM followed, with modification, a method described by Gentili et al [7]. The hair-sample solution was analyzed using a 6890N Series Gas Chromatograph and a 5973 Series Inert Mass Selective Detector (Agilent Technology, Wilmington, DE, USA).…”

Section: Spme/gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SPME is a simple and efficient solventless method of sample preparation. With its automated apparatus, SPME is highly suitable for the routine analysis of large numbers of samples, and it is widely used in the detection of amphetamine compounds [7][8][9][10]. Several kinds of SPME fibers are commercially available, but only two types, 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and 65 μm PDMS/ divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), are in general use for the analysis of drugs and poisons.…”

Section: Spme Fiber Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PDMS fiber is a common choice for many drugs [11][12][13][14][15]. Because it can detect a variety of volatile compounds of low molecular weight, it often serves to analyze multiple illicit drugs in a single specimen [7,8]. However, prior findings have indicated that PDMS/DVB fiber is more specific for volatile polar compounds such as nitroaromatics and amines [13,16,17].…”

Section: Spme Fiber Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation and application of hair analysis for the detection of methamphetamine in young Thai adults

et al. 2014

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Background:To date, blood and urine analyses have been the major methods of detecting methamphetamine (MA) use in Thailand. Recently, hair analysis has been introduced as an alternative and complementary procedure. Objectives: To validate a simple, rapid, and economical method of analyzing hair for MA and its metabolite, amphetamine (AM). Methods: The analysis employed solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Simplicity, rapidity, and economy were achieved, in part, by optimizing SPME conditions and by eliminating deuterated reagents and the derivatization step in GC-MS. The validated method was employed to detect and quantify MA in 1,111 hair samples of young Thai research volunteers who reported using MA in the form of so-called "yaba" tablets at least 3 times during the previous 3 months. Results: Validated data from the study indicated that the method's linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) met international standards for hair analysis of MA. Expressed as ng of MA per mg of hair (ng/mg), the LOQ was 0.5 ng/mg (102.39% accuracy, 5.46% precision). The method was less sensitive for quantification of AM in hair, with a LOQ of 2.5 ng/mg (103.41% accuracy, 6.95% precision). Using 0.5 ng/mg as a cutoff in the analysis of samples provided by admitted MA users, the study yielded an overall detection rate for MA of 35.5%, with a range of 0.51-54.61 ng/mg; the mean MA level was 4.90 ± 6.78 (±SD) ng/mg. Thirty-one percent of the participants reported they had consumed fewer than 10 yaba tablets during the previous 3 months. Of this group, 29% had hair samples that tested positive for MA. Detection rates trended upwards with increased yaba use. No relationship was found between the number of yaba tablets reportedly consumed and the concentration of MA detected in hair. Conclusions: This study validated a rapid, simple, and economical SPME/GC-MS technique for quantification of MA in hair. The method was less sensitive for quantification of AM.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spme/gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spme Fiber Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spme Fiber Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation and application of hair analysis for the detection of methamphetamine in young Thai adults

et al. 2014

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“…2,80,81 Além disto, a maioria dos testes rápidos para detecção de designer drugs, que são testes inespecíficos, é baseada em princípios imunológicos, podendo apresentar resultados falsos positivos ou falsos negativos. 13,35,47,[82][83][84] Em 2004, 85 foi avaliada a interferência de determinadas substâncias estruturalmente semelhantes com alguma designer drug.…”

Section: Métodos Analíticosunclassified

Designer drugs: aspectos analíticos e biológicos

Bulcão¹,

Garcia²,

Limberger³

et al. 2012

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 17/12/10; aceito em 12/7/11; publicado na web em 2/9/11 DESIGNER DRUGS: ANALYTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS. In the recent years, analytical toxicologists have been facing difficulties in detecting designer drugs due to the chemical modifications on the existing structures and the speed in which they are released into the market, requiring the development and improvement of specific and appropriate analytical methods. This work is a review of the literature which summarizes the characteristics of the drugs and the analytical validated methods using conventional and unconventional matrices currently used for correct identification and quantification of the following classes of emerging drugs of abuse: derivatives of opiates, amphetamines, tryptamines, piperazines and cannabinoids.Keywords: biological matrices; drug abuse; toxicology. INTRODUÇÃOAs chamadas designer drugs (drogas planejadas, ou seja, aná-logos estruturais) estão entre as drogas de abuso mais utilizadas no Ocidente. Seus efeitos psicotrópicos específicos, que fundamentam sua utilização como drogas de abuso, são descritos como capacidade aumentada da comunicabilidade, empatia e autoconhecimento, o que distingue esta classe de compostos das substâncias estimulantes e alucinógenas propriamente ditas, que produzem estados de euforia e agitação e, alucinações visuais e auditivas, respectivamente. 1,2A utilização de substâncias psicoativas é antiga na história da civilização, as primeiras experiências humanas ocorreram por meio do consumo de plantas. A partir do século XIX, o homem isolou princípios ativos vegetais como morfina, cocaína e efedrina. Porém, foi no final do século passado, com o surgimento das anfetaminas, que uma substância psicoativa foi totalmente sintetizada em laboratório. Com o aparecimento das drogas sintéticas, nos anos 80, ocorreu a popularização das designer drugs. Essas drogas têm como característica essencial o fato de terem sido modificadas em laboratório, com o intuito de potencializar ou criar efeitos psicoativos ou evitar efeitos indesejáveis, além de burlar a legislação vigente. Além disto, a disponibilidade e a diminuição do custo tecnológico permitem que tais drogas sejam sintetizadas com facilidade em laboratórios clandestinos domésticos. [3][4][5] Nos anos 90, com a popularização da internet, houve uma enorme divulgação e distribuição das designer drugs. 5,6 Entretanto, foi na primeira década do século XXI que o número de novos usuários de substâncias ilícitas aumentou de forma significativa, com relatos da apreensão de diversas designer drugs em todo o mundo. 7,8As designer drugs mais utilizadas são os compostos anfetamíni-cos, tais como 3,4-metileno-dioxi-anfetamina (MDA), 3,4-metilenodioxi-metanfetamina (MDMA, ecstasy), p-metoxi-anfetamina (PMA) e p-metoxi-metanfetamina (PMMA). No Brasil, o uso recreacional tem sido constatado em vários pacientes que buscam tratamento nas clínicas de reabilitação, além de apreensões destas drogas, sendo, portanto, de grande relevância sua correta identificação e/ou quantific...

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